摘要:地表水文过程是土壤-植物-大气连续体（SPAC）系统的关键环节，微地形在降雨再分配过程中发挥着重要作用。本文论述了微地形变化对地表径流、降雨-入渗、蒸散发及土壤水分、溶质运移的影响效应以及在SPAC系统中的反馈作用，旨在通过总结前人在微地形变化影响地表水文过程中的研究成果，明晰微地形变化对降雨、径流、入渗以及蒸散发等过程的影响效应。针对现有研究中存在对微地形种类划分不系统化、尺度界定不清楚以及对微地形变化与地表水文过程间的耦合机制缺乏深入剖析等问题，本文指出应针对不同生态类型区和微地形营造方式对微地形种类进行统一划分，结合微地形测量工具及遥感技术对微地形尺度进行准确界定；在此基础上将长期野外定位观测和短期室内模拟试验相结合，揭示微地形变化与地表水文过程的耦合机制，建立两者之间的模型关系，量化微地形改良措施在区域降水再分配过程中的调节作用，为区域水资源调控提供一定的理论依据。
关键词:微地形/
径流/
入渗/
蒸散发/
水分运移/
地表水文过程
Abstract:The surface water cycle is a key link in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) system, and micro-topography plays an important role in the process of rainfall redistribution. Here, we summarized the influence of micro-topography changes on surface hydrological processes and discuss the effects of micro-topography on overland flow, rainfall-infiltration, evapotranspiration, soil water transport, and feedback in SPAC systems. Previous studies regarding the effect of micro-topographic changes on surface hydrological processes were summarized and our understanding of the influential effect of micro-topography changes on runoff, infiltration, and evapotranspiration was advanced in this paper. We aimed at addressing the problems that the classification of micro-topography was unsystematic and that recent studies lacked thorough research into the coupling between micro-topography changes and surface hydrological processes. We proposed that micro-topography types should be divided according to different ecological types and micro-topography construction methods, and at the same time, combined with data from micro-topographic surveying tools and remote sensing technology, to define the micro-topographic scale more accurately. On this basis, long-term field observations should be combined with short-term lab simulations to reveal the coupling mechanism between micro-topography changes and surface hydrological processes and to establish the quantitative relationship between them by creating model, and quantifying micro-topographic improvement measures to efficiently regulate the regional precipitation redistribution process. Ultimately, this paper may provide a theoretical basis for regional water resource regulation.
Key words:Micro-topography/
Runoff/
Infiltration/
Evapotranspiration/
Water transport/
Surface hydrological process
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