摘要:通过对种间关系的研究，确定玉米间作豌豆中能否集成少耕和密植效应，对进一步优化间作技术具有理论指导意义。2016—2017年，本研究在河西绿洲灌区，以玉米间作豌豆为研究对象，设传统耕作、少耕两种耕作措施和低、中、高3种玉米密度，研究不同处理对玉米间作豌豆种间竞争力和豌豆收后间作玉米恢复效应的影响，揭示种间关系与间作产量的相关关系。结果表明，不同间作处理的土地当量比均大于1，说明本试验条件下的间作处理均具有增产优势；与传统耕作相比，少耕使玉米间作豌豆产量提高5.79%；少耕条件下，中密度间作产量较低密度、高密度处理显著提高8.37%、9.09%，说明玉米间作豌豆集成少耕和中密度具有进一步增产的优势。少耕结合中密度强化了间作豌豆对玉米的竞争力，较低密度、高密度处理的竞争力分别高36.56%、20.17%，形成间作玉米恢复效应强化的基础；豌豆收获后，少耕间作玉米具有明显的恢复生长效应，较传统耕作高10.30%~47.11%。间作群体的籽粒产量与豌豆相对于玉米全生育期内的平均竞争力呈二次曲线相关关系，当竞争力在0.25时利于间作获得高产。因此，玉米间作豌豆模式中集成少耕和密植技术，通过调控种间关系进一步挖掘间作增产潜力，少耕结合玉米中密度可作为绿洲灌区玉米间作豌豆增产的理想措施。
Abstract:Through the study of an interspecific relationship, the effects of reduced tillage and high-density planting was analyzed in a maize/pea intercropping system. The research could provide a theoretical basis for further optimization of intercropping technology. The study, conducted in 2016-2017 in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area, used a maize/pea intercropping system as the research setup. Two tillage patterns were measured:conventional tillage and reduced tillage. Simultaneously, maize was planted at low, medium and high density to study the effects of different treatments on the competitiveness of maize/pea intercropping systems. Also, the recovery ability of maize after the pea harvest was analyzed to reveal the interspecies relationship and the correlation with intercropping production. The results showed that the land equivalent ratio of different intercropping treatments was higher than 1, indicating that these intercropping treatments resulted in an increased yield. Compared with conventional tillage, reduced tillage increased the yield of maize/pea intercropping system by 5.79%. Under reduced tillage conditions, the yield of intercropping system at medium density was considerably increased by 8.37% and 9.09% relative to low-density and high-density conditions, respectively. This observation indicates that combining reduced tillage with a medium-density plantation further increased the yield of a maize/pea intercropping system. Reduced tillage combined with a medium-density plantation enhanced the competitiveness of maize/pea intercropping:the competitiveness was 36.56% and 20.17% higher relative to the low-density and high-density treatment, respectively. The enhanced competitiveness formed the basis of the enhanced maize intercropping recovery effect. After the pea harvest under reduced tillage conditions, maize displayed a significant recovery growth effect, which was 10.30%-47.11% higher than that under conventional tillage conditions. The correlation between the grain yields of intercropping system and the average competitiveness of pea relative to maize during the whole growth period was quadratic function. The integration of reduced tillage and a medium-density planting technology in the maize/pea intercropping model provides the potential for an intercropping system to increase the yield by regulating the interspecific relationship.
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