摘要:水稻优生区农户对耕地实施保护性耕作的决策行为对于水稻产量及品质具有重要影响。本文基于农户资本禀赋视角，将农户资本禀赋分为人力资本禀赋、经济资本禀赋、自然资本禀赋和社会资本禀赋，借助水稻优生区宁夏青铜峡394户农户的微观数据，运用双栏模型将农户参与耕地保护决策行为划分为参与意愿和参与程度两个决策行为阶段，实证分析了水稻优生区农户资本禀赋对其参与耕地保护决策行为的影响，以期为科学制定水稻优生区耕地保护相关政策、保障农业绿色经济发展提供参考和借鉴。研究表明：1）绝大多数农户愿意参加耕地保护行为，但其从事耕地保护的支付意愿相对较低，愿意参加耕地保护的农户占73.86%，而平均支付意愿仅为3 100.65元·hm-2；2）人力资本禀赋（文化程度和农业培训）、经济资本禀赋（家庭收入和农机投入）以及社会资本禀赋（社会关系和社会参与）对农户耕地保护参与意愿和参与程度均为正向影响，自然资本禀赋（耕地禀赋和破碎程度）对农户耕地保护参与意愿有正向影响，对参与程度有负向影响；3）耕地保护重要性认知仅对农户耕地保护参与意愿有促进作用，而耕地保护政策了解程度对农户耕地保护参与意愿和参与程度均有促进作用。最后，提出建立健全耕地保护经济补偿政策、积极组建各类农业合作社和耕地保护组织以及培养新型农民、加大稻作区耕地保护宣传力度等政策建议。
关键词:耕地保护行为/
资本禀赋/
农户/
双栏模型/
水稻优生区
Abstract:Improving the fertility of cultivated land and promoting green development of agriculture are strategic choices for rural revitalization strategies. As a direct part of cultivated land utilization, farmers' decision-making regarding farmland protection directly affects green agricultural production and food safety. Oryza sativa is one of the most important food crop varieties in China. This study divided farmers' capital endowment into 4 facets:human capital, economic capital, natural capital, and social capital endowments. Using survey microdata from 394 households in Qingtongxia (one of China's high-yield, high-quality rice areas), a double-hurdle model was employed to distinguish farmers' decision-making of participation in farmland protection into two stages, participation willingness and degree of participation. The influence of capital endowment on participation in cultivated land protection decision-making in this rice-growing area was then assessed. The objective of this study was to provide references for scientifically formulating relevant policies for arable land protection in rice-growing areas and ensuring the development of a green agricultural economy. The results showed that:1) most farmers were willing to participate in farmland protection, but their willingness to pay for farmland protection was relatively low. The proportion of farmers willing to participate in the protection of cultivated land was 73.86%, but the average amount they were willing to pay was only 3 100.65￥·hm-2. 2) Capital endowment had a strong correlation with the farmers' willingness to participate in farmland protection and degree of participation. Specifically, human capital endowment (education level and agricultural training), economic capital endowment (household income and agricultural machinery input), and social capital endowment (social relationship and social participation) had positive effects on the farmers' willingness and the degree of participation in farmland protection. Natural capital endowment (farmland endowment and degree of fragmentation) had a positive impact on the farmers' willingness to participate in farmland protection and a negative impact on their degree of participation. 3) Awareness of the importance of cultivated land protection only promoted the farmers' willingness to participate in the protection of cultivated land, whereas the degree of understanding of cultivated land protection policy promoted both the farmers' willingness to participate in the protection of cultivated land and their degree of participation. Farmers' awareness of farmland protection and their degree of policy understanding had positive effects on their willingness to participate in the protection of cultivated land as well as their degree of participation. Some suggestions had been put forward, including establishing and improving economic compensation policies for farmland protection; encouraging farmers to actively invest in environmentally friendly technologies for sustainable development of green agricultural production, thereby enhancing the participation of farmers in the protection of cultivated land; actively setting up agricultural cooperatives and farmland protection organizations to promote the collective protection and control of arable land; further improving the rural education and training system to instruct new farmers about the development of green agriculture; strengthening publicity for farmland protection in rice-growing areas; and promoting the correct interpretation of rural grassroots organizations' and farmers' policies on farmland protection, thus raising the farmers' support for these policies.
Key words:Behavior of cultivated land protection/
Capital endowment/
Farmer/
Double-hurdle model/
Rice-growing area
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