摘要:豆科作物与禾本科作物轮作是可持续农业的重要种植技术，也是我国传统农业的精华。利用豆科作物与禾本科作物轮作对于减少农业生产对化学氮肥与农药的依赖、保护农田生物多样性、提高资源利用效率有重要的意义。本文针对当前农业发展现状与存在的问题，提出推行豆科作物与禾本科作物轮作的重要性。从豆科作物与禾本科作物轮作的增产效应、作物增产的氮效应、对农田病虫草害的控制及增加农田的生物多样性等方面论述了国内外豆科作物与禾本科作物轮作的研究进展，明确围绕豆科作物与禾本科作物应当研究的重点。提出了豆科作物与禾本科作物轮作所面临的主要挑战及未来可取得突破的主要领域，如协调作物茬口，开发推广豆-禾轮作田间综合管理技术，提高轮作综合效应；利用长期定位试验，研究轮作响应的农业生态前沿问题；评价轮作生态环境效应，建立轮作生态补偿机制等。本文重新审视豆科作物与禾本科作物轮作体系的作用及前景，对于保障农业可持续发展具有重要意义。
关键词:轮作/
豆科作物/
禾本科作物/
可持续发展
Abstract:Legume-gramineae rotation is an important technology for sustainable agriculture, as well as an essence of traditional agriculture in China. The rotation of leguminous and gramineous crops is of great significance in reducing the use of synthetic N-fertilizer and pesticides in agricultural production system, maintaining soil biodiversity, and improving the utilization efficiency of nutrient resources. In this paper, we reviewed the importance of legume-gramineae rotation in the view of the current agricultural situation and issues. Progress on legume-gramineae rotation effects on yield effect, nitrogen effect on crop yield, pest and disease control, and biodiversity increase of farmland were discussed. The major challenges and breakthroughs on legume-gramineae rotation were proposed. Work could be done in the following fields:1) coordinating the rotation crop stubble, developing and promoting the integrated management techniques of legume-gramineae rotation, and improving the comprehensive effects of crop rotation system; 2) designing long-term experiments to investigate the frontier issues of agricultural ecology in response to rotation; and 3) evaluating the ecological effects of crop rotation and establishing a mechanism for ecological subsidies of crop rotation. The role and prospect of legume-gramineae rotation was reviewed in this paper and it is of great importance to the sustainable development of agriculture.
Key words:Crop rotation/
Leguminous crop/
Graminaceous crop/
Sustainable development
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