摘要:软件需求变更频繁发生，给软件项目造成了诸多威胁.能否对需求变更进行有效的控制管理，决定着软件的成败.使用系统动力学方法对软件需求变更管理过程进行仿真建模，可以动态地分析并预测需求变更产生的原因以及变更对软件项目造成的影响；对软件需求变更管理过程改进进行系统动力学仿真，亦可以辅助软件项目组织选择合适的过程改进策略.因此，基于系统动力学方法，参考了敏捷过程进行开源软件需求变更管理过程的建模和模型检测.以Spring Framework项目为研究案例，进行该项目3.2.x分支的软件需求变更管理过程的系统动力学仿真分析，并对需求变更管理进行过程改进仿真.通过对过程改进的仿真结果进行比对，说明各改进策略均降低了基线数据的软件缺陷率，提高了软件质量.根据软件项目的成本和进度要求，给出了过程改进建议.



Abstract:Software requirements change frequently, which pose many threats to software projects. Effective management of requirements change determines the success or failure of the software project. System dynamics can be used to simulate the process of software requirements change management, aiming to dynamically analyze and predict the cause of requirements change and the effects of change on software projects. System dynamics also can assist software organizations to improve requirement change management processes. In this study, the system dynamics method is first used to model the process of open source software requirements change management which refers to the agile processes. Then, the models are tested to find out the errors and correct them. Next, taking the Spring Framework as an empirical case study, the system dynamics simulation of the software requirement changes management process of the project 3.2.x branch is carried out. According to the simulation results, the improvement of the requirement change management processes is simulated. By comparing the baseline simulation results with the improvement simulation results, it shows that all the improvements effectively reduce the software defect rate and improve the software quality. In addition, based on the cost and schedule of the software project, the process improvement suggestions are provided.



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