摘要:智能合约是区块链系统的核心组件，在现实中广泛应用.然而，目前没有关于智能合约的统一定义，在不同的区块链平台上，智能合约的实现也相差甚远.这样将影响公众对智能合约的认知，也对产业的发展造成障碍.回顾了智能合约的发展历史，梳理其概念的变化过程.归纳智能合约的本质，对现有智能合约的实现进行了分析和对比.给出了面向合同的智能合约的形式化定义，为智能合约的标准化奠定基础.提出了独立于区块链平台的、通用的智能合约实现方法.在目前广泛应用的联盟链区块链平台Hyperledger Fabric上面进行了具体实现.最后对未来工作进行了展望.



Abstract:Smart contract is one of the key components of blockchain systems, and has been widely applied in practice. However, there are no uniform definitions for smart contract. Moreover, the implementations of smart contracts in different platforms have quite large differences. This situation will affect the public perception of smart contracts and will cause obstacles to the development of the blockchain industry. This study recalls the history of the development of smart contracts, combing out the changes of the concepts, summarizes the essence of smart contracts, and analyzes and compares existing smart contract implementations. The formal definition of classical smart contracts is proposed, which may lay the foundation for the standardization of smart contracts. A common implementation method independent of the blockchain platforms is also given. And a reference implementation based on Hyperledger Fabric is carried out as well. Finally, the conclusion is presented and the future work is listed.



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