摘要:移动目标防御作为一种动态、主动的防御技术，能够通过不断转移攻击面，减少系统的静态性、同构性和确定性，以此挫败攻击者的攻击.随着网络攻击手段的不断发展和变化，深入研究移动目标防御对网络空间安全具有重要意义，而攻击面的动态转移技术作为移动目标防御领域的重点问题，一直受到研究人员的广泛关注.利用攻击面动态转移技术所具有的不确定性、动态性和随机性等优势，实现信息系统的动态防御，可以有效克服传统防御手段的确定性、静态性和同构性的不足.首先梳理了攻击面的基本概念，并具体阐释了攻击面以及攻击面转移的形式化定义；其次，分析了攻击面4个层次的动态转移技术——数据攻击面、软件攻击面、网络攻击面和平台攻击面，并对不同的动态转移技术进行分析和比较，分别指出它们的优点和缺陷；最后，还从多层次攻击面动态转移技术的融合、攻击面动态转移的综合评估方法、基于感知的攻击面动态转移方法、基于三方博弈模型的攻击面转移决策等方面讨论了未来移动目标防御中攻击面动态转移可能的研究方向.



Abstract:As a dynamic and active defense technology, moving target defense can defeat the attacker's attack by constantly shifting the attack surface and reducing the static, isomorphic and deterministic nature of the system. With the continuous development and changes of network attacks, in-depth study of moving target defense is of great significance to China's cyberspace security. As a key problem in moving target defense field, attack surface dynamic transfer technology has attracted wide attention of researchers. The dynamic transfer technology takes advantage of uncertainty, dynamicity and randomness, can realize dynamic defense of the information system and effectively overcome the certainty, static and isomorphism of traditional defense. In this paper, the basic concept of the attack surface is first laid out, and the formal definitions of the attack surface and attack surface transfer are explained. Then, the attack surface dynamic transfer technologies are introduced from four aspects, including data attack surface, software attack surface, network attack surface and platform attack face. Furthermore, different dynamic transfer techniques, are analyzed and compared, and their advantages and shortcomings are pointed out. Finally, the future possible research directions of attack surface dynamic transfer technology are discussed with emphasis on the multi-level attack surface dynamic transfer technology integration, comprehensive evaluation method of attack surface dynamic transfer, dynamic transfer method of attack surface based on perception and attack surface transfer decision-making based on the three-party game model.



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