林涛^1,,
谢巧玲^2,3,
陈福明^2,3,
王丹丹^2,3,
杨波¹,
张淑然^2,3
1.深圳大学化学与环境工程学院，深圳 518060
2.深圳清华大学研究院，深圳 518057
3.深圳市工业应用分离技术重点实验室，深圳 518057
基金项目: 深圳市科技研发基金资助项目（JCYJ20170307145847484）

Innocuous treatment of MSWI fly ash by heavy metal extraction

LIN Tao^1,,
XIE Qiaoling^2,3,
CHEN Fuming^2,3,
WANG Dandan^2,3,
YANG Bo¹,
ZHANG Shuran^2,3
1.College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
2.Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
3.Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Separation Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China

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摘要:采用加酸浸出工艺对垃圾焚烧飞灰进行无害化处理。研究证明盐酸能有效分离飞灰中重金属，重金属浸出率与盐酸浓度及液固比有关；重金属在实验的盐酸浓度和液固比下都能达到高浸出率，但液固比越低，浸出液中重金属的浓度就越高，越有利于重金属的回收。当盐酸浓度为5 mol·L-1、液固比为2（mL:g）时，Pb、Cd和Zn浸出率均达到95%以上，而Cu的浸出率也达到81.38%，Pb、Cd、Zn和Cu的浓度分别为468.10、78.12、2 268.80和347.78 mg·L-1。残灰采用加盐水洗工艺后，浸出毒性超标的重金属Pb和Cd浸出毒性低于GB 16889-2008标准限值，符合填埋要求。
关键词: 垃圾焚烧飞灰/
重金属/
浸出/
水洗

Abstract:A effective method of acid leaching for waste incineration fly ash harmless was applied in this study. Hydrochloric acid leaching was shown to be a more effective approach than sulfuric leaching and nitric acids leaching for heave metal separation from fly ash. Concentration of hydrochloric acid and solid/liquid ratio were the major factors influenced the heavy metal leaching, and a higher hydrochloric acid concentration and solid/liquid ratio can contribute to the enhancement of heavy metal leaching. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu in leachate was 468.10, 78.12, 2 268.80 and 347.78 mg·L-1 with the leaching rate of 99.30%, 99.03%, 97.75% and 81.38%, respectively, by using hydrochloric acid of 5 mol·L-1 and under the solid/liquid ratio of 2 (mL:g). The concentrations of heavy metals in residual ash were below the minimum requirements of the China national standard for landfill (GB 16889-2008).
Key words:municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash/
heavy metal/
leaching/
washed.

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基于重金属提取的垃圾焚烧飞灰无害化处理

林涛^1,,
谢巧玲^2,3,
陈福明^2,3,
王丹丹^2,3,
杨波¹,
张淑然^2,3
1.深圳大学化学与环境工程学院，深圳 518060
2.深圳清华大学研究院，深圳 518057
3.深圳市工业应用分离技术重点实验室，深圳 518057
基金项目: 深圳市科技研发基金资助项目（JCYJ20170307145847484）
关键词: 垃圾焚烧飞灰/
重金属/
浸出/
水洗
摘要:采用加酸浸出工艺对垃圾焚烧飞灰进行无害化处理。研究证明盐酸能有效分离飞灰中重金属，重金属浸出率与盐酸浓度及液固比有关；重金属在实验的盐酸浓度和液固比下都能达到高浸出率，但液固比越低，浸出液中重金属的浓度就越高，越有利于重金属的回收。当盐酸浓度为5 mol·L-1、液固比为2（mL:g）时，Pb、Cd和Zn浸出率均达到95%以上，而Cu的浸出率也达到81.38%，Pb、Cd、Zn和Cu的浓度分别为468.10、78.12、2 268.80和347.78 mg·L-1。残灰采用加盐水洗工艺后，浸出毒性超标的重金属Pb和Cd浸出毒性低于GB 16889-2008标准限值，符合填埋要求。

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