中文关键词生物质炭(BC)钙镁磷肥粉煤灰磷活化镉钝化磷镉富集土壤 英文关键词biochar (BC)calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizerfly ashphosphorus activationcadmium passivationphosphorus and cadmium enrichment soil

作者	单位	E-mail
黄洋	中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院, 武汉 430074	1779892448@qq.com
胡学玉	中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院, 武汉 430074	huxueyu@cug.edu.cn
曹坤坤	中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院, 武汉 430074
张敏	中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院, 武汉 430074
胡晓晓	中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院, 武汉 430074
王子劲	中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院, 武汉 430074

中文摘要 以磷镉富集的农业土壤（总Cd：0.94mg·kg^-1和全P：0.86g·kg^-1）为研究对象，按照湖北地区中稻生育期及至下茬作物播种期的时长进行室内培养试验，探究生物质炭（BC）、钙镁磷肥（CMP）和粉煤灰（FA）影响下土壤磷与镉的生物有效性、二者形态变化及其耦合作用效应.结果表明：①培养至140d时，添加调理剂处理土壤有效磷含量与未添加调理剂的对照土壤相比均显著增加，有效磷水平可达22.47~37.81mg·kg^-1，在不额外施用磷肥条件下可满足水稻最适生长需求，且添加BC处理的效果最佳.②供试土壤中的磷主要为无机正磷酸盐，且不同形态无机磷含量在调理剂作用下均有所提高，并随着时间土壤中固定态的O-P和Ca₁₀-P逐渐向活性较高的Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P、Al-P和Fe-P形态转变.③添加调理剂处理土壤有效态Cd含量在对照处理基础上显著降低8.74%~17.48%，这与3种调理剂对土壤pH的提高作用相关联.与此同时，添加调理剂的处理与对照相比，可交换态Cd显著降低，碳酸盐结合态Cd和残渣态Cd均有所提高，这与土壤有机质在BC的促进效应下，其表面富含的活性基团能够与Cd²⁺吸附螯合有关.结果初步证明，3种调理剂均能实现供试磷镉富集土壤中磷活化和镉钝化的双重功能，并以生物质炭和钙镁磷肥效果为佳，其效果可覆盖整个水稻生长时段并可延续至其下茬作物播种期. 英文摘要 Focusing on agricultural soil enriched in phosphorus and cadmium (total Cd=0.94 mg·kg^-1 and total P=0.86g·kg^-1), indoor cultivation experiments were conducted according to the length of the middle rice growth period and the following crop planting period in Hubei. The bioavailability of soil phosphorus and cadmium were examined along with their morphological changes and coupling effect under the influence of material biochar (BC), calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (CMP), and fly ash (FA). The results showed that:① When cultured for 140 days, the content of available phosphorus in the soil treated with the conditioning agents was significantly increased compared with the control soil, available phosphorus reached 22.47-37.81mg·kg^-1, and the optimal growth requirements of rice were met without additional application of phosphate fertilizer, and adding BC had the best effect. ② The phosphorus in the test soil is mainly inorganic orthophosphate, and the content of different forms of inorganic phosphorus increased under the action of the conditioning agents. The fixed O-P and Ca₁₀-P in the soil gradually changed to more active forms (Ca₂-P, Ca₈-P, Al-P and Fe-P) over time. ③ The effective Cd content of the soil treated with the conditioning agents was significantly reduced by 8.74%-17.48% relative to the control treatment, which was mainly related to the effect of the three conditioning agents on soil pH. At the same time, compared with the control, the addition of a conditioning agent significantly reduced the exchangeable Cd, and the carbonate-bound Cd and the residual Cd were increased. The abundance of active groups at the surface is related to the adsorption and chelation of Cd²⁺. The results showed that the three conditioners have the dual functions of phosphorus activation and cadmium passivation in phosphorus-and cadmium-enriched soil, and the effect of biomass carbon and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was greatest, which persisted across the entire rice growth period to the sowing date of the next crop.

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