中文关键词京杭大运河天然水化学总溶解固体(TDS)驱动因素人为影响 英文关键词Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canalhydrochemistrytotal dissolved solids(TDS)driving factorshuman influence

作者	单位	E-mail
程中华	扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 扬州 225127	MX120190513@yzu.edu.cn
邓义祥	中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012
卓小可	扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 扬州 225127
代丹	中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012
于涛	扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 扬州 225127	yutao0325@sina.com

中文摘要 为揭示京杭大运河天然水化学特征及人为活动的影响，于2019~2020年采集徐州至嘉兴段主要城市站点河水测试，同时收集苏锡常段1959~1962年和1975~1977年的水化学数据与沿线主要城市近年的社会经济数据，在此基础上进行了分析.结果表明，研究区水化学类型主要受流域碳酸盐岩风化作用，但K⁺+Na⁺当量浓度占总阳离子高达40.39%，高于一般地表水，说明运河天然水化学已受到人为因素的显著影响.空间上，运河主要离子质量浓度、总硬度和总碱度从徐州站向下游总体上有减小的趋势，但在无锡和苏州站各参数显著升高；分析苏锡常段60年来的水化学变化发现，其Na⁺和SO₄^2-分别升高了约16倍和12倍，总溶解固体（TDS）也升高了近3倍，同时苏锡常段河水目前（Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺）/HCO₃^-比值普遍大于1，显著高于1959~1962年，反映了人类活动影响的结果.结合运河流域社会经济发展情况的分析显示，人为活动排放的硫氧化物加速了流域碳酸盐岩的风化，这是导致这一变化的主要因素.进一步统计分析表明，城市生活污水和工业废水的排放等是造成大运河天然水化学盐渍化的主要驱动因素.本研究可为协调城市发展和保护大运河流域水生态环境提供科学基础. 英文摘要 To reveal the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal natural water chemistry characteristics and the influence of human activities, river samples from Xuzhou to Jiaxing were collected in 2019-2020. Simultaneously, the water chemistry data of the canal from 1959 to 1962 and 1975 to 1977 in the Suzhou, Wuxi, and Changzhou sections and the recent social and economic data of the major cities along the canal were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the type of hydrochemistry in the study area was mainly influenced by the weathering of carbonate rocks in the basin, but K⁺+Na⁺ accounted for 40.39% of the cation equivalent concentration, which was higher than that in ordinary surface water, thereby indicating that the natural hydrochemistry of the canal had been significantly affected by human factors. Spatially, the major ion mass concentrations, total hardness, and total alkalinity of the Grand Canal from Xuzhou station to the downstream area tended to decrease overall, but the parameters at Wuxi and Suzhou stations increased significantly. It was found that Na⁺ and SO₄^2- were increased by approximately 16 and 12 times and total dissolved solids was increased by nearly 3 times by analyzing the 60 years of water chemistry of the Suzhou, Wuxi, and Changzhou sections. The current (Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺)/HCO₃^- ratio in the Suzhou, Wuxi, and Changzhou sections is generally greater than 1, which is significantly higher than that from 1959 to 1962, thereby reflecting the results of human activities. According to the analysis of the social and economic development of the Grand Canal, this change was the result of the accelerated weathering of carbonate rocks in the basin caused by the sulfur oxides discharged by human activities. Further statistical analysis showed that urban domestic sewage and industrial wastewater discharge were the main driving factors causing chemical salinization of natural water in the Grand Canal. This study can provide a scientific basis for coordinating urban development and protecting the water ecological environment of the Grand Canal Basin.

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