中文关键词生物炭秸秆微生物量碳(MBC)微生物量氮(MBN)铵态氮硝态氮 英文关键词biocharstrawmicrobial biomass carbon(MBC)microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)NH₄⁺-NNO₃^--N

作者	单位	E-mail
唐占明	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081	tangzhanming1225@126.com
刘杏认	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081	liuxingren@caas.cn
张晴雯	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
李贵春	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081	liguichun@caas.cn

中文摘要 基于华北集约化农田麦玉轮作系统，对比研究了添加生物炭和秸秆还田对整个轮作周期土壤N₂O排放的影响，为农田土壤N₂O减排和秸秆的资源化利用提供理论依据.试验共设4个处理：①对照（CK）；②生物炭9.0 t·（hm²·a）^-1（C）；③秸秆全量还田（SR）；④在全量秸秆还田的基础上添加生物炭9.0 t·（hm²·a）^-1（C+SR）.结果表明，小麦季，C处理土壤N₂O排放略有降低但差异不显著，SR和C+SR处理促进了土壤N₂O的排放（47.4%和71.8%）；玉米季，C处理降低了土壤N₂O的排放（29.8%），SR和C+SR处理促进了土壤N₂O的排放（13.4%和35.8%）；小麦季，土壤含水量、NH₄⁺-N和MBN含量是影响土壤N₂O排放的主要环境因子；玉米季，NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N和MBC含量是影响土壤N₂O排放的主要环境因子.因此，生物炭对农田N₂O具有巨大的减排潜力，而秸秆直接还田不利于减少N₂O排放，并且在秸秆还田基础上添加生物炭并不能改善这种影响，今后应加强对秸秆腐熟还田技术的研究. 英文摘要 The effects of biochar and straw return on soil N₂O emissions were studied in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system of intensively farmed land in North China to provide a theoretical basis for N₂O emission reduction and the efficient straw utilization. The experiment included the following four treatments:① Control (CK); ② Biochar application at a rate of 9.0 t·(hm²·a)^-1 (C); ③ Straw return (SR); and ④ Straw return plus biochar application at a rate of 9.0 t·(hm²·a)^-1 (C+SR). The results showed that in the wheat season, the CK treatment showed a slight decrease in soil N₂O emission while the SR and C+SR treatments promoted soil N₂O emission by 47.4% and 71.8%, respectively. In the maize-growing season, the CK treatment reduced soil N₂O emission by 29.8% while the SR and C+SR treatments increased soil N₂O emission by 13.4% and 35.8%, respectively. During the wheat-growing season, the soil water, NH₄⁺-N, and MBN content were the main environmental factors affecting N₂O emissions; during the maize-growing season, NO₃^--N, NH₄⁺-N, and MBC content were the main environmental factors affecting emissions. Based on our results, the application of biochar to cropland is an effective option for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, whereas direct straw return to fields might not be an effective strategy. More research is now needed to examine the effect of the return of straw of different maturity on N₂O emissions.

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