中文关键词降尘重金属来源污染特征露天矿区 英文关键词dustfallheavy metalsourcespollution characteristicsopencast mine area

作者	单位	E-mail
吴红璇	北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083	whx_852456@126.com
史常青	北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083	scqbj@126.com
张艳	北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083
赵廷宁	北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083
胡平	北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083
刘韵	北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083
陈童	北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083

中文摘要 为探究乌海市煤矿区及周边区域春季降尘中重金属元素的含量水平、各功能区的污染特征以及污染物的来源情况，于2018年3~6月选取乌海市5个（露天矿区、矿外运煤专线、工业园区、商住混合区和沙区），共采集43个大气降尘样品，利用电感耦合等离子体光谱仪（ICP-OES）测定样品中Al、As、Ba、Be、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Li、Mg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sb、Ti、V和Zn共18种元素的含量.结果表明，乌海市大气降尘中As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Cr、Ni、Sb和Zn共8种元素平均含量分别为408.78、1.97、27.40、38.93、45.97、25.41、2.71和277.76 mg·kg^-1，均高于内蒙古土壤元素背景值.18个元素中仅5种元素在个别区间差异显著，且18种元素在5个功能区具有相似的富集特征，说明乌海市各功能区降尘重金属污染情况相似.降尘中As、Cd、Cr和Pb元素综合污染指数分别为3.332、2.622、1.369和0.523，是当地降尘的显著污染因子，其中As和Cd是首要污染因子.主成分法因子分析得出，乌海市大气降尘主要来源于工业排放、煤炭燃烧、交通尘和煤炭开采运输.因子分析-多元线性回归结果显示，煤炭是Cd污染的主要来源，其中煤炭开采和运输、工业排放分别占77.58%和22.42%；As来源复杂，18.99%来源于工业排放、15.87%来源于煤炭燃烧、6.79%来源于煤炭开采及运输和58.34%的来源未知. 英文摘要 To study the concentration levels, pollution characteristics of each functional area, and sources of pollutants of the dust heavy metals Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Ti, V, and Zn in spring in Wuhai, 43 groups of dust samples were collected from different locations within the city from March to June 2018. The heavy metal mass concentration was then measured using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The results showed that:①The average contents of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Sb, and Zn were 408.78, 1.97, 27.40, 38.93, 45.97, 25.41, 2.71, and 277.76 mg·kg^-1, respectively, which were higher than the background values of the element soil. ②Only 5 of the 18 elements had significant differences in individual intervals, and the 18 elements had similar enrichment characteristics in 5 functional areas. This meant that the heavy metal pollution of dustfall in various functional areas of Wuhai was similar. ③As, Cd, Cr, and Pb elements were key pollution factors, and their comprehensive pollution indexes were 3.332, 2.622, 1.369, and 0.523, respectively, with As and Cd as primary factors. ④Through the analysis of pollution sources, it was found that in the Wuhai area the atmospheric dustfall was mainly caused by industrial emissions, coal burning, traffic dust, and coal mining and transportation. Factor analysis and multiple linear regression showed that coal was the main source of Cd pollution, with coal mining and transportation and industrial emissions accounting for 77.58% and 22.42%, respectively. The sources of As were complex, with 18.99% from industrial emissions, 15.87% from coal burning, and 6.79% from unknown sources.

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