中文关键词华东地区非道路移动机械大气污染排气烟度林格曼烟度 英文关键词East Chinanon-road vehicleair pollutionexhaust smokeringelmann smoke

作者	单位	E-mail
鲁君	上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233	lujun@saes.sh.cn
胡磬遥	上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233
杨强	杭州市环境保护科学研究院, 杭州 310014
唐伟	杭州市环境保护科学研究院, 杭州 310014
夏阳	杭州市环境保护科学研究院, 杭州 310014
井宝莉	杭州市环境保护科学研究院, 杭州 310014
陈昀	杭州市机动车污染排放管理处, 杭州 310014
黄成	上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233	huangc@saes.sh.cn

中文摘要 在华东地区典型城市开展了超过900台非道路移动机械的排气烟度实测工作，结合测试机械的属性调查，分析汇总了现阶段各类机械的排气烟度范围（包括光吸收系数和林格曼黑度），并定量研究了机械出厂年限、机械功率、测试工况及油品差异对机械排气烟度的影响.结果表明，在自由加速工况下，实测非道路移动机械的排气烟度为（1.02±0.57）m^-1，林格曼黑度等级为2.10±0.19（无量纲），各类机械超过国家标准GB 36886-2018中关于烟度I限值比例为12%~25%；80%的机械启动烟度大于自由加速烟度，且各类机械启动烟度约为自由加速排气烟度的2倍；与普通柴油相比，使用车用柴油可少量削减机械排气烟度均值，可显著削减或抑制排气烟度高值.启动时喷油量瞬间增加过快与油品质量较差可直接影响非道路用柴油机的排气烟度. 英文摘要 In typical cities of East China, more than 900 non-road vehicles were tested for exhaust smoke. Based on the investigation of the properties of these non-road vehicles, exhaust smoke intensities for different kinds of non-road vehicles are recommended. We also quantitatively study the differences in smoke intensity among vehicle age, vehicle power, test conditions, and fuels. The results showed that smoke intensity of non-road vehicles was (1.02±0.57) m^-1 and that Ringelmann smoke was 2.10±0.19. In comparison to Chinese national standard (GB 36886), approximately 12%-25% of tested non-road vehicles' smoke intensity exceeded the standard limit. The smoke intensity of 80% of tested non-road vehicles was higher during start-up than under free acceleration. In comparison to ordinary diesel, the smoke intensities of tested non-road vehicles that used automotive diesel were lower. The instantaneous increase in fuel injection during start-up, as well as poor fuel quality, can directly affect the exhaust smoke of non-road vehicles.

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