中文摘要 再生水是改善水资源布局和缓解传统水源短缺问题的一种合理且可持续的替代水源，但用于灌溉会引起土壤和作物中微生物群落结构和条件致病菌丰度变化，目前这方面的研究报道较少.本研究以辣椒为对象，设置再生水灌溉（DI）、清水和再生水混灌（MI，清水∶再生水=1 ∶1）、清水和再生水轮灌（RI）处理，以清水灌溉（PI）为对照，通过温室盆栽试验研究不同灌溉方式对土壤性质的影响，并基于高通量测序技术结合定量PCR方法探讨再生水灌溉下辣椒果实与根际细菌群落组成和病原菌分布丰度特征.结果表明，与清水灌溉相比，再生水直接灌溉增加了土壤EC值，而降低了pH值.16S rDNA高通量测序结果显示，在门分类水平上，Proteobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Actinobacteria和Firmicutes是辣椒果实和根际共有的主要类群，其优势菌属Pantoea、Pseudomonas、Sphingomonas、Sphingopyxis、Luteimonas和Mariniflexile的相对丰度受再生水灌溉方式的影响较大.再生水灌溉分别使辣椒果实和根际中Legionella spp.和Pseudomonas syringae丰度显著增加，并且对病原菌丰度的影响差异较大.综上所述，再生水适宜作为农业灌溉用水，但不同灌溉方式可能不同程度上引入微生物污染问题，其中特定条件致病菌和植物病原菌值得关注. 英文摘要 Reclaimed water is considered to be a reasonable and sustainable alternative water resource to improve water resource layout and mitigate the shortage of traditional water resources. Its use in irrigation will cause changes in the microbial community structure and opportunistic pathogen abundance in soils and crops, but few studies have been conducted on this subject. Peppers were used as the research subjects, and the treatments were direct irrigation of reclaimed water, mixed irrigation with freshwater and reclaimed water, rotated irrigation with freshwater and reclaimed water, with potable water irrigation as the control. The effects of different irrigation methods of reclaimed water on the soil physicochemical properties were analyzed through a pot experiment. Furthermore, changes in bacterial community and opportunistic pathogen abundance in pepper fruit and the rhizosphere under reclaimed water irrigation conditions were investigated based on high-throughput sequencing technology and quantitative PCR methods. The results showed that direct irrigation with reclaimed water increased soil EC and decreased soil pH. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing showed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were present in both pepper fruit and the rhizosphere at phylum level, and the most dominant genera (Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Sphingopyxis, Luteimonas, and Mariniflexile) were greatly affected by reclaimed water irrigation methods. Quantitative PCR results indicated that the influence of reclaimed water irrigation on the distribution and abundance of pathogenic bacteria in the soil-pepper system was different, and the abundance of Legionella spp. in pepper fruit and Pseudomonas syringae in the rhizosphere increased with reclaimed water irrigation. Our results indicated that the reclaimed water was suitable for agricultural irrigation, but different reclaimed water irrigation methods may introduce different degrees of microbial contamination. In addition, attention must be given to some opportunistic pathogens and phytopathogens.
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