中文关键词优化施肥热带地区水稻-豇豆轮作N₂OCH₄增温潜势 英文关键词optimizing fertilizationtropical regionpaddy-cowpea rotationN₂OCH₄global warming potential

作者	单位	E-mail
胡玉麟	海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228	yaredaiyulin@foxmail.com
汤水荣	海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228
陶凯	三亚市南繁科学技术研究院, 三亚 572000
何秋香	海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228
田伟	海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228
秦兴华	海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228
伍延正	海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228	wyz198712@163.com
孟磊	海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228	menglei@hainanu.edu.cn

中文摘要 选择海南典型的水稻-豇豆轮作系统进行氧化亚氮（N₂O）和甲烷（CH₄）排放的原位监测，探究不同施肥模式下该系统土壤温室气体排放特征.试验设当地常规施肥对照（CON）、优化施肥量（OPT）、有机无机配施（ORG）、缓控肥替代优化（SCOPT）及不施氮对照（CK）共5个处理，采用静态箱-气相色谱法监测整个种植季土壤N₂O和CH₄排放，并估算增温潜势（GWP）和温室气体排放强度（GHGI）.结果表明，各处理水稻季N₂O累积排放量为0.19~1.37 kg·hm^-2，相较于CON处理，优化施肥处理N₂O减排50%~86%；豇豆季N₂O累积排放量为1.29~3.55 kg·hm^-2，除ORG增加14%，其他处理减排16%~59%.各处理水稻季CH₄累积排放量为4.67~14.23 kg·hm^-2，CK、OPT和ORG处理分别较CON增加116%、22%和102%，而SCOPT减少了29%；豇豆季CH₄累积排放量为0.03~0.26 kg·hm^-2，期间出现CH₄吸收.比较两个作物季和休闲期对农田土壤直接排放的温室气体GWP的贡献率，豇豆季在CH₄排放极低的情况下，仍有44.7%~54.5%的占比；两种温室气体比较中，N₂O对GWP的贡献率为66.7%~77.2%.SCOPT处理的GWP和两季作物GHGI均显著低于CON处理.3个优化施肥处理中，SCOPT的增产减排效果最显著，为最优的施肥方案. 英文摘要 In-situ measurement of nitrous oxide (N₂O) and methane (CH₄) emissions in a typical paddy-cowpea rotation system in Southern Hainan was conducted to determine the characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions under different optimum fertilization treatments. The experiment consisted of 5 treatments:conventional farming fertilization (CON), optimized fertilization (OPT), organic-inorganic fertilization (ORG), slow-controlled optimization fertilization (SCOPT), and no nitrogen as the control (CK). The N₂O and CH₄ emissions were measured using static chamber-gas chromatography during the all the paddy-cowpea rotation seasons. Global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) were also estimated in this study. The cumulative N₂O emission during the rice growth season was 0.19-1.37 kg·hm^-2. Compared with the CON treatment, other treatments reduced N₂O emission by 50% to 86%. The cumulative N₂O emission during the cowpea growth season was 1.29-3.55 kg·hm^-2. In addition, N₂O emission increased by 14% as a result of the ORG treatment, whereas that of the remaining treatments decreased by 16% to 59%. The cumulative CH₄ emissions during the paddy growth season were 4.67-14.23 kg·hm^-2. The CH₄ emissions following the CK, OPT, and ORG treatments were higher by 116%, 22%, and 102%, respectively, whereas that of SCOPT was lower by 29%, than that following the CON treatment. Moreover, the cumulative CH₄ emission during the cowpea growth season was 0.03-0.26 kg·hm^-2, and CH₄ absorption occurred during the same period. With regard to the contribution rate of different periods to GWP, the cowpea growth season still had a proportion of 44.7%-54.5%, despite extremely low CH₄ emission. Regarding the two greenhouse gases, N₂O contributed 66.7%-77.2%. During the entire rotation system, both GWP and GHGI processed by SCOPT were significantly lower than those of the CON treatments. To sum up, the SCOPT treatment was determined to be the optimal fertilization scheme in this study and had the most significant effects on increasing production and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

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