中文关键词岩溶泉水化学特征主成分分析(PCA)酒店排污金佛山 英文关键词karst springhydrochemical characteristicsprinciple component analysis (PCA)hotel sewageJinfo Mountain

作者	单位	E-mail
谢国文	西南大学地理科学学院, 岩溶环境重庆市重点实验室, 自然资源部岩溶生态环境-重庆南川野外基地, 重庆 400715	xiegw92@126.com
杨平恒	西南大学地理科学学院, 岩溶环境重庆市重点实验室, 自然资源部岩溶生态环境-重庆南川野外基地, 重庆 400715	pinghengyang@126.com
盛婷	西南大学地理科学学院, 岩溶环境重庆市重点实验室, 自然资源部岩溶生态环境-重庆南川野外基地, 重庆 400715
邓书金	重庆地质矿产勘查开发局南江水文地质工程地质队, 重庆市地下水资源利用与环境保护实验室, 重庆 401121
洪爱花	重庆地质矿产勘查开发局南江水文地质工程地质队, 重庆市地下水资源利用与环境保护实验室, 重庆 401121

中文摘要 为探讨人类活动影响下的垂直气候带岩溶泉水化学变化，以重庆金佛山水房泉和碧潭泉为例，基于两泉自然环境和人类活动强度差异，利用独立样本t检验、Gibbs图解法、主成分分析（PCA）及地球化学敏感性分析等方法，对两泉水文地球化学特征及其控制因素进行对比研究.结果表明，垂直气候带岩溶发育的差异性导致碧潭泉离子总浓度高于水房泉.不同高程的岩性决定了水房泉水化学类型为HCO₃-Ca型，而碧潭泉为HCO₃-Ca·Mg型.碳酸盐岩溶蚀是两泉Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和HCO₃^-的主要来源，水房泉SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、PO₄^3-、K⁺和Na⁺在冬夏季受酒店排污影响出现峰值，碧潭泉各指标年内变化平稳.水房泉水属于Ⅳ类水，而碧潭泉水质相对较好.PCA分析表明水-岩作用为两泉的首控因子，酒店排污和来自降水的离子输入分别对水房泉、碧潭泉水质具有重要影响，同时降水导致的水土流失与淋滤效应也对两泉有一定影响.水房泉的地球化学敏感性大于碧潭泉，故应针对不同高程岩溶系统特点制定相应保护措施，特别是要重视景区酒店污水的处理. 英文摘要 To investigate the hydrochemical variation of karstic groundwaters in a vertically zoned climate region affected by human activity, Shuifang Spring and Bitan Spring in the Jinfo Mountain area of Chongqing were selected as a study site. Based on the differences between the natural state and intensity of human activity of these two springs, their hydrogeochemical characteristics and the controlling factors on karstic groundwaters were analyzed by means of independent sample t tests, the Gibbs graphic method, principle component analysis (PCA), and geochemical susceptivity analysis. The results show that differences in karst development in the vertical climatic zone leads to higher total ion concentrations in Bitan Spring than in Shuifang Spring. The hydrochemical types of Shuifang Spring and Bitan Spring are HCO₃-Ca and HCO₃-Ca·Mg, respectively, which reflect the lithology of their different elevations. Carbonate rock dissolution is the main source of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and HCO₃^- in karstic groundwaters. Hotel sewage discharge supplies SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, PO₄^3-, K⁺, and Na⁺ in Shuifang Spring, which peaked in winter and summer, while hydrochemical parameters of Bitan Spring changed smoothly throughout the year. The water quality of Bitan Spring is better than Shuifang Spring (Shuifang Spring water is classified as Class Ⅳ). PCA shows that the water-rock interaction was the first controlling factor. Hotel sewage discharge and ions from precipitation had important effects on Shuifang Spring and Bitan Spring, respectively. In addition, the effects of soil erosion and leaching caused by precipitation also impact on the water quality of two springs to some extent. The geochemical susceptibility of Shuifang Spring was greater than that of Bitan Spring; therefore, corresponding measures should be formulated according to the characteristics of these differently elevated karst systems when exploiting groundwater resources. This is especially the case for the treatment of hotel sewage.

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