中文关键词塿土生物炭土壤容重土壤团聚体土壤有机碳 英文关键词Lou soilbiocharsoil bulk densitysoil aggregatessoil organic carbon

作者	单位	E-mail
李倩倩	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100	18404968315@163.com
许晨阳	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100
耿增超	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100	gengzengchao@126.com
张久成	汉中市农产品质量安全监测检验中心, 汉中 723000
陈树兰	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100
王慧玲	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100
张妍	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100
贠方悦	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100
杨林	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100
董胜虎	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100

中文摘要 通过比较生物炭施入土壤2 a和5 a的试验结果，研究随年限的增长生物炭的添加对塿土容重和土壤团聚体含量及稳定性的影响.采用田间定位试验和室内分析，试验设生物炭用量为0 t·hm^-2（B₀)、20 t·hm^-2（B₂₀)、40 t·hm^-2（B₄₀)、60 t·hm^-2（B₆₀)和80 t·hm^-2（B₈₀)这5个处理，将果树树干、枝条生物炭（450℃、限氧条件下)施入土壤，与耕层土壤混匀.经过5 a，分3层测定0~30 cm土层（即0~10、10~20和20~30 cm)的土壤容重、团聚体及有机碳含量.结果表明:①生物炭施入土壤5 a与施入2 a的结果相比，其对0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层团聚体影响相对减弱，对20~30 cm土层土壤容重和团聚体的影响显著增强.②随着年限的增长，在0~10 cm土层，生物炭施用量为40 t·hm^-2时，>0.25 mm团聚体的含量及团聚体稳定性显著增强，容重显著减小；在10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层，生物炭施用量为60~80 t·hm^-2时，>0.25 mm团聚体的含量及团聚体稳定性显著增强，容重显著减小.③当生物炭施用量为60 t·hm^-2时，对土壤有机碳的增加效果表现最优.说明生物炭对土壤团聚体的影响是一个渐进的过程.生物炭施入土壤5 a，其对深层土壤的影响更为显著，20~30 cm土层的土壤容重显著降低，>0.25 mm团聚体的含量及团聚体稳定性显著增强.从经济效益和改善效果综合考虑，在耕层土壤施入40~60 t·hm^-2的生物炭最适. 英文摘要 The effect of biochar on the bulk density and aggregate stability of Lou soil was evaluated and compared after biochar was applied for 2 years and 5 years through a field-positioning experiment. Five biochar amounts were applied in this study, as follows:0 t·hm^-2 (B₀), 20 t·hm^-2 (B₂₀), 40 t·hm^-2 (B₄₀), 60 t·hm^-2 (B₆₀), and 80 t·hm^-2 (B₈₀). The biochar was produced by pyrolysis of stems and branches from fruit trees at the temperature of 450℃ with limited oxygen apply. At the beginning of the study, biochar was mixed thoroughly with the surface soil (0-20 cm). After 5 years, the soil bulk density and aggregate stability of 0-30 cm soil layers (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm) were measured and compared with the results obtained after 2 years with the purpose of observing the long-term and persist effects of biochar application. The results showed that:① compared with the results after 2 years of application, the effect of biochar on the aggregates at depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm after 5 years were less distinct, and the effect on soil aggregates at depths of 20-30 cm was significantly enhanced; ② compared with the 2 year application, the aggregate stability and the content of the>0.25 mm aggregate size fraction were significantly increased at 0-10 cm depths after 5 years of biochar application at a rate of 40 t·hm^-2, while bulk density was significantly decreased; at 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil depths, the stability of aggregates and the content of the>0.25 mm aggregate size fraction was significantly increased, while the bulk density was significantly decreased after 5 years of biochar application at a rate of 60-80 t·hm^-2;③ when the biochar application rate was 60 t·hm^-2, the increase in soil organic carbon was the highest after 5 years. After biochar was applied for 5 years, its effect was more significant lower in the soil profile; the soil bulk density was significantly reduced, and aggregate stability and the content of>0.25 mm aggregates were significantly increased at depths of 20-30 cm. Based on a comprehensive evaluation of the improvement effects and economic benefits, the most suitable biochar application rate was found to be 40-60 t·hm^-2. It was further concluded that the effect of biochar on soil aggregates was gradual and sustainable.

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