中文关键词雾-霾天生物气溶胶呼吸高度粒径分布种群结构 英文关键词fog-haze daybioaerosolsrespiratory heightsize distributionpopulation structure

作者	单位	E-mail
杨唐	中国科学院生态环境研究中心水污染控制实验室, 北京 100085 中国科学院大学, 北京 101408	tyang37@163.com
韩云平	中国科学院生态环境研究中心水污染控制实验室, 北京 100085 中国科学院大学, 北京 101408	yphan@rcees.ac.cn
李琳	中国科学院生态环境研究中心水污染控制实验室, 北京 100085 中国科学院大学, 北京 101408
刘俊新	中国科学院生态环境研究中心水污染控制实验室, 北京 100085

中文摘要 粒径分布和微生物种群结构是雾-霾天气溶胶与人体健康密切相关的典型特征.采用安德森六级采样器在人体平均呼吸高度（近地面1.5 m）处对北京某地雾-霾天及晴天分别进行气溶胶样品采集，从不同粒径气溶胶中的可培养细菌、真菌浓度及种群结构角度展开研究.结果表明，雾-霾天不同粒径气溶胶中可培养微生物浓度呈现不均匀分布状态；不同粒径气溶胶中微生物浓度、种群结构差异性均明显高于晴天.雾-霾天条件下，在粒径大于3.3 μm的气溶胶中，芽孢杆菌（Bacillus sp.）占据优势地位，在粒径小于3.3 μm的气溶胶中，芽孢杆菌（Bacillus sp.）和解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）占优势地位.而当雾-霾过后，解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）在所有粒径的生物气溶胶中均占优势地位.雾-霾天条件下，在粒径大于3.3 μm的气溶胶中共检出5种优势真菌，分别是链格孢菌（Alternaria sp.）、意大利青霉（Penicillium italicum）、蓝状菌（Talaromyces stollii）、枝孢菌（Cladosporium sp.）和Davidiella sp.；而当雾-霾过后，仅链格孢菌（Alternaria sp.）被检测为优势菌.无论雾-霾天还是晴天，在粒径小于3.3 μm的气溶胶中真菌均主要以意大利青霉（Penicillium italicum）和蓝状菌（Talaromyces stollii）为主.在人体平均呼吸高度处，雾-霾天与晴天不同粒径气溶胶中微生物浓度和种群结构存在明显差异.雾-霾天人体平均呼吸高度处微生物浓度高、且种群结构较为复杂，其微生物特性对人体健康的潜在风险不容忽视. 英文摘要 Size distribution and microbial population structure are typical characteristics of bioaerosols that are relevant to human health. The concentrations and population structure of bioaerosols associated with size-segregated airborne particulate matter at human average respiratory height were studied using a 6-stage Andersen impactor during and after fog-haze days in the area of Beijing. The results showed that the size distribution of the cultured microbial populations was uneven during fog-haze days, and that the microbial concentration and the difference in the population structure of the size-segregated airborne particulate matter were higher during than after the fog-haze days. During the fog-haze days, Bacillus sp. was the dominant bacteria present in bioaerosols of >3.3 μm, whereas Bacillus sp. and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were the dominant bacteria in bioaerosols of <3.3 μm. In contrast, after the fog-haze days, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was dominant in all the bioaerosol sizes. Five species (Alternaria sp., Penicillium italicum, Talaromyces stollii, Cladosporium sp., and Davidiella sp.) were detected as the dominant fungi in the bioaerosols >3.3 μm during the fog-haze days, and only Alternaria sp. was detected in the bioaerosols >3.3 μm after fog-haze. Penicillium italicum and Talaromyces stollii were also detected in the bioaerosols of <3.3 μm during and after the fog-haze. There were significant differences in the concentration and population structure of the size-segregated airborne particulate matter at human average respiratory height collected during and after the fog-haze days. The high concentration of microorganisms and the relatively complex population at human average respiratory height on haze days indicate that the potential risks of the microbiological characteristics of the bioaerosols to human health cannot be ignored.

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