中文关键词海上油田硫酸盐还原菌普通脱硫弧菌杀菌剂硫化氢酸化 英文关键词offshore oilfieldsulfate-reducing prokaryotesDesulfovibrio vulgarisbiocidesulfide hydrogensouring

作者	单位	E-mail
杨春璐	辽宁大学环境学院, 沈阳 110036	38960662@qq.com
苑美玉	辽宁大学环境学院, 沈阳 110036 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 中国科学院污染生态与环境工程重点实验室, 沈阳 110016
史荣久	中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 中国科学院污染生态与环境工程重点实验室, 沈阳 110016	shirongjiu@iae.ac.cn
闫鹏举	辽宁大学环境学院, 沈阳 110036 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 中国科学院污染生态与环境工程重点实验室, 沈阳 110016
赵峰	中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 中国科学院污染生态与环境工程重点实验室, 沈阳 110016
韩斯琴	中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 中国科学院污染生态与环境工程重点实验室, 沈阳 110016
张颖	中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 中国科学院污染生态与环境工程重点实验室, 沈阳 110016

中文摘要 油田中硫酸盐还原菌（SRP）的生长代谢能产生大量H₂S，会引起油藏酸化和微生物腐蚀等严重的生产和环境问题，而关于油田环境中SRP微生物多样性与生理活性的研究仍十分缺乏.为了深入了解我国渤海湾海域高温酸化油藏中SRP代谢特点并探究其潜在危害控制方法，本研究采用厌氧纯培养技术从渤海湾某高温油田采出水中分离筛选到1株耐高温、耐盐的SRP菌株BQ₁，研究了其生理特性，并评价了不同杀菌剂和代谢抑制剂对其产H₂S活性的影响.结果表明，菌株BQ₁的细胞呈短杆状，大小为（1.2~2.5）μm×（0.5~0.8）μm，有运动性.尽管BQ₁与普通脱硫弧菌（Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough）的16S rRNA基因序列相似性达99%，但两者生理特性具有明显差异.BQ₁可在温度为14~70℃（最适30℃）、pH 6.0~9.0（最适7.0）、盐度为0%~10%条件下生长代谢.BQ₁可利用甲酸钠、乳酸钠、乙酸盐等多种碳源，能以硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硫代硫酸盐或单质硫为唯一电子受体产生H₂S.次氯酸钠（600 mg·L^-1）、苄基三甲基氯化铵（300 mg·L^-1）或NaNO₃（800 mg·L^-1）对BQ₁产H₂S活性无明显抑制效果.戊二醛（50 mg·L^-1）、溴硝醇（30 mg·L^-1）、二氧化氯（50 mg·L^-1）或NaNO₂（70 mg·L^-1）可抑制BQ₁产H₂S活性达30 d以上，是控制渤海湾高温油田微生物酸化的潜在有效抑制剂. 英文摘要 The growth and activity of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) in oilfield environments could produce large amounts of H₂S, leading to multifaceted problems, including oilfield souring and microbially-influenced corrosion, yet knowledge about the diversity and physiology of SRP therein was quite limited. To further understand the phenotypic characteristics of SRP residing in an offshore high-temperature oilfield at Bohai Bay, China, and to explore the potential methods for control of SRP-mediated problems, we isolated, using Hungate techniques, a thermotolerant, halotolerant SRP strain, designated BQ₁, from the produced water of a high-temperature. We also presented the phenotypic features of BQ₁, and investigated the efficacy of five biocides, or metabolic inhibitors, in suppressing the sulfidogenic activity of BQ₁. Cells of BQ₁ were motile, short rod-shaped, 1.2-2.5 μm in length and 0.5-0.8 μm in width. Although BQ₁ shared 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough, distinct phenotypic traits between them were observed. Isolated BQ₁ could grow at 14-70℃(optimum at 30℃) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), and in the presence of 0%-10% NaCl. Isolated BQ₁ utilized a wide range of carbon substrates, including sodium formate, sodium lactate, and acetate. Sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, and sulfur were utilized as electron acceptors, but not nitrate or nitrite. Sodium hypochlorite (600 mg·L^-1), Benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (300 mg·L^-1), or nitrate (800 mg·L^-1) failed to inhibit H₂S production by BQ₁. By contrast, glutaraldehyde (50 mg·L^-1), bronopol (30 mg·L^-1), chlorine dioxide (50 mg·L^-1), and nitrite (70 mg·L^-1) inhibited H₂S production by BQ₁ for at least 30 d, indicating that these compounds may be suitable for the mitigation of microbial souring in this specific, high-temperature, offshore oilfield at Bohai Bay, China.

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