摘要:自然保护区作为生态系统服务的产生区和生物多样性保护的重点区，评估其关键生态系统服务，对提高保护区管理水平和生态保护与建设效率有重要意义。利用CASA模型、RUSLE模型、InVEST模型及水量平衡原理等方法分别定量评估了卧龙自然保护区2000年和2015年碳固定（NPP）、土壤保持、生境质量和水源涵养4种生态系统服务并分析了其时空分布及其变化特征，揭示了不同地形位梯度和土地利用类型上生态系统服务的差异，识别了生态系统服务的热点区域。研究结果揭示了2000-2015年4种生态系统服务及其变化的时空异质性：1）研究期间保护区4种生态系统服务供给量均有所增加，且增益面积大于减损面积；2）空间上，NPP、土壤保持和生境质量3种服务表现为东南高、西北低，水源涵养空间分布无明显规律，4种服务的空间分布特征均变化不大且保持相对稳定；3）4种生态系统服务空间分布及变化与地形位和土地利用类型有关。4种服务的高值和增益的优势分布区均位于较低地形位指数梯度上，以保护区东南部最为突出；林地和草地是对保护区生态系统服务贡献较大的土地利用类型，尤以林地突出；4）热点分析表明保护区东南部是主要的生态系统服务供给热点区，研究期间Ⅳ类热点区面积显著增加。结合研究区域生态系统特征和生态恢复与管理政策，探讨分析了目标生态系统服务时空变化的自然生态和社会经济驱动力，为本区域生态系统恢复和生物多样性保护提供依据和建议。



Abstract:Nature reserves are the cornerstones to conserve biodiversity and the effective way to sustain ecosystem integrity. It is significant to evaluate key ecosystem services in nature reserve and integrate them into the reserve management to improve the efficiency of ecological conservation and rehabilitation. Based on the CASA model, RUSLE model, InVEST model and the principle of water balance, this research evaluated the spatial and temporal distribution of four key ecosystem services in the Wolong Nature Reserve, including carbon storage (Net Primary Productivity), soil conservation, habitat quality and water conservation, covering period from 2000 to 2015. What's more, the variability of the four key ecosystem services at different terrain niche gradients and land use types were also analyzed and the hotspots of the four key ecosystem services were identified. Research results indicated that significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity existed for both four key ecosystem services provision and their changes during research period. Some conclusions could be derived as following:i)the average provision of four key ecosystem services increased during research period, and more areas with increase of key ecosystem services were found than those areas with decrease of key ecosystem services; ii)Distinct characteristic of spatial distribution heterogeneity were found. Areas with higher provision of the NPP(Net Primary Productivity), soil conservation and habitat quality were distributed in the southeast, while areas with lower provision of them were distributed in the northwest. The characteristic of spatial distribution did not change much and sustained relatively stable during research period; iii)Spatial distribution and changes of four key ecosystem services were related to terrain niche gradient and land use types. The areas with high provision and increase of the four key ecosystem services were dominantly located in lower terrain niche gradient, especially in the southeast area. With respect to the land use types, forestland and grassland had the outstanding contributions to the four key ecosystem services provision, and the most contribution came from forestland; iv)Hotspot analysis indicated that the hotspots of the four key ecosystem services were mainly distributed in the southeast of the study area, and the area of the hotspot of class Ⅳ, where four key ecosystem services provision were all higher than the average provision of whole study area, had increased significantly during the study period. According to the transfer matrix of hotspots, the variation characteristics of the hotspots showed a tendency towards ecological improvement. Finally, underlying driving forces were discussed, the spatio-temporal distribution and changes of four key ecosystem services could be closely related to local physical and socio-economic context. We hope the research results could be integrated into local ecological management policy and is helpful to improve local ecosystem restoration and biodiversity conservation.





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