摘要:城市公园植物群落为城市生态系统提供重要的生态服务。对深圳最具代表性的6个近海城市公园进行实地调查，同时结合高分辨率的遥感图像，分析其植物群落结构特征及其与公园内部景观格局的相关关系。结果表明：（1）共调查到近海公园植物108科310属471种，其中乡土植物82科169属231种。草本植物中乡土植物比例较高，而木本中乡土植物占比较低。（2）TS-4和H-1分别是近海公园最常见的乔灌群落类型和草本群落类型，其样地量分别占总量的39%和26%。常见群落的指示种多数具有热带性质并占据主体地位。（3）公园中灌木植物种数低于乔木和草本植物，但群落稳定性较高。（4）半自然型和人工型近海公园各类植物的相似性，以灌木层植物最低。（5）公园整体景观格局中，斑块密度与林地面积比、林地最大斑块面积比呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。（6）各层植物多样性也受到景观格局显著影响：草本层植物多样性与草地、林地的斑块形状复杂程度分别呈显著负相关（P<0.05）；灌木层植物多样性与林地、水体的景观破碎度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）；乔木层植物多样性与草地最大斑块指数呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。公园景观破碎度的增大可能会导致植被景观面积减少。建议在公园植物造景初期就要重视对灌木的运用，尤其是一些生态本底比较脆弱的公园，以提高植物群落的稳定性和低维护性。同时应尽可能保留大面积的核心植被生态斑块，更好地发挥其生态功能。研究结果可为城市公园的规划设计、植物群落的优化配置与城市生物多样性保护提供依据。



Abstract:Plant communities in urban parks provide essential ecological services for the urban ecosystem. Based on the field survey of six most representative coastal urban parks in Shenzhen, and combined with high-resolution remote sensing images, the characteristics of plant community structure and its correlation with the internal landscape pattern of the parks were analyzed. The features of plant community structure and its relationship with the internal landscape patterns of the parks were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) A total of 471 plant species belong to 108 families and 310 genera were investigated, among which 231 species were native plants from 169 genera and 82 families. The proportion of native plants is higher in herbaceous plants, while the proportion of native plants is lower in woody plants. (2) TS-4 and H-1 were respectively the most common arbor-shrub community type and herbaceous community type, with their sample plots accounted for 39% and 26% of the total plots, respectively. Most indicator species of frequent communities were tropical and dominant species. (3) The species richness of shrub plants in the parks was lower than arbor and herbaceous plants, but the community stability was higher. (4) The lowest similarity of plants appeared in shrubs between semi-natural and artificial offshore parks. (5) In the overall landscape pattern of the parks, patch density was negatively correlated with the ratio of forest area and the area ratio of the maximum patch for forest land (P<0.05). (6) The plant diversity of each plant layer was also significantly affected by landscape patterns. The plant diversity in the herb layer presented a significantly negative correlation with the patch shape complexity of grassland and woodland, respectively (P<0.05). That in the shrub layer had a significantly negative correlation with landscape fragmentation degree of woodland and water, respectively (P<0.05). In the tree layer, a significantly negative correlation appeared between the plant diversity and the maximum patch index (P<0.05). The increase in the landscape fragmentation of parks may lead to the reduction of vegetation landscape area. It is suggested that the use of shrubs should be emphasized in the early stage of plant landscaping in parks, especially in some parks with relatively fragile ecological background, so as to improve the stability and low maintenance of plant communities. At the same time, a large area of core vegetation ecological patches should be preserved as much as possible to give better play to its ecological function. The research results provide a reference for the planning and designing of urban parks, the optimal allocation of plant communities, and the conservation of urban biodiversity.





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