摘要:气传致敏花粉会引发过敏症，且可通过每年在花粉季的反复接触逐渐加重，危害人体健康，严重时甚至危害生命。花粉致敏植物在城市中被广泛引种栽培，导致城市花粉症患者数量激增。以深圳市为案例，基于建成区600个样地的实地调查数据，分析花粉致敏植物的种类构成与时空分布，通过构建花粉浓度及花粉致敏危害潜力计算公式，评估花粉致敏危害潜力及其分布特点。结果显示：①调查记录到深圳市建成区花粉致敏植物46科92属186种，其中外来种占43.37%，其中美洲、亚洲和大洋洲来源占国外外来种的81.00%。花粉致敏植物种数以公园绿地最多，达126种。植物花粉致敏等级以Ⅰ级为主，达154种。②花粉致敏植物的盛花期为春夏季，占全年累计开花种数的65.02%。最高峰出现在8月，开花种数达92种。 ③花粉浓度潜力最高值也出现在8月，占全年总值的12.13%。豆科和禾本科植物贡献比例较大，分别占乔木和草本总值的40.86%和64.13%。龙岗区花粉浓度潜力占比较高，占各季花粉量的26.06%-29.42%。④冬春两季各样地花粉致敏危害等级均不高，但夏秋季有些样地达到二级重度危害。罗湖区调查样地全年花粉致敏危害等级均较低，光明区在春夏秋季致敏危害等级皆较高。高危害等级样地主要出现在附属绿地及公园绿地。⑤花粉致敏植物防控措施情景模拟结果，去除主要花粉致敏植物种类比降低所有花粉致敏植物的花粉浓度潜力更有效。本研究为城市花粉致敏植物的管理、规划、养护和研究提供参考。



Abstract:Airborne allergenic pollen can cause pollinosis and aggravate every year through repeated exposure in the pollen seasons, endangering human health and even life in severe cases. Allergenic pollen plants have been widely introduced and cultivated in cities, leading to a sharp increase in the number of urban pollinosis patients. In this study, based on the investigation data of 600 plots in the built-up area of Shenzhen as a case study, the species composition and the spatiotemporal distribution of allergenic pollen plants were analyzed, and the potential allergenic hazard with its distribution characteristics was evaluated by constructing calculation formulas of pollen concentration and pollen allergenic potential. The results showed that: ① In the built-up area of Shenzhen, a total of 186 species of allergenic pollen plants from 46 families and 92 genera were recorded. Among the allergenic pollen plant species, 43.37% were alien species, with 81.00% of them originated from America, Asia, and Oceania. The number of allergenic pollen plant species was highest in park green space, up to 126. Allergenic levels were mainly graded Ⅰ, covering 154 species. ② The peak bloom stages of allergenic pollen plants were spring and summer, with flowering species accounted for 65.02% of the annual total. The peak month appeared in August, concerning 92 flowering species. ③ August had the highest potential value of pollen concentrations, accounting for 12.13% of the annual year total. The contribution of Leguminosae and Poaceae were relatively high, respectively, accounting for 40.86% and 64.13% of the arbors and the herbs totals. The values in the Longgang District were relatively high in all seasons, reaching 26.06%-29.42% of respectively seasonal total. ④ The allergenic hazard levels in all plots were not high in winter and spring, but some plots reached second-level severe in summer and autumn. The hazard levels of investigated plots in the Luohu District were relatively low throughout the year. In contrast, those of investigated plots in the Guangming District were relatively high in spring, summer, and autumn. The high-hazard-level plots mainly appeared in the subsidiary green space and park green space. ⑤ Results of scenario-simulation for allergenic pollen plants prevention and control measures showed that the effect of removing major allergenic pollen plant species might be better than that of reducing the pollen concentrations of all allergenic pollen plant species. This study provides a reference for the management, planning, and maintenance of urban allergenic pollen plants, and the research and solution of urban pollen allergenic problems.





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