摘要:近年来，污染事故引发的湖泊生态环境损害问题屡见不鲜，特别是氮磷营养盐富集导致的湖泊富营养化。因此，对湖泊生态环境损害程度进行科学合理评判，制定湖泊生态环境损害判定规范程序，形成湖泊生态环境损害判定技术势在必行。目前，国内外****一致认为，确定切实合理的生态环境基线是对生态环境损害进行科学有效评估的关键技术环节和重要前提。基于相关国家标准以及文献调研，对湖泊生态环境基线判定的原则、判定程序以及判定方法进行系统梳理与总结。详细介绍了针对湖泊不同受体的模型推算法在生态环境损害基线判定中的应用，包括相应的判定方法、判定过程以及优缺点。此外，还针对国内外典型湖泊生态环境损害基线判定研究实例进行阐述。最后对湖泊生态环境基线判定工作的未来发展方向进行了展望，以期为形成统一、合理、有效且具有高度普适性的湖泊生态环境基线制定方法与流程提供依据。



Abstract:In recent decades, the eco-environmental damage caused by pollution has frequently occurred in many lake ecosystems all over the world. Eutrophication is the one of the most common consequences of long-term damage to lake ecosystems, which is driven by excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorus. To better conserve lake ecosystems, it is thus imperative to establish a standard evaluation procedure and develop an efficient evaluation technique for making scientific and accurate judgements on the degree of lake eco-environmental damage. Currently, many scholars agree that the critical aspect and precondition for the scientific and effective assessment of eco-environmental damage is the determination of a practical and reasonable eco-environmental damage baseline. In this study, based on surveying the relevant national standards and a large number of publications, we firstly synthesized and presented the determination principles, procedures, and methods for lake eco-environmental baseline. Secondly, we introduced all kinds of extrapolation models aiming at different receptors in this field, including the corresponding determination method and determination process, advantages and disadvantages, since they are increasingly being used in the case studies. Thirdly, we also briefly presented several typical case studies to indicate how to determine a practical and reasonable eco-environmental damage baseline. Finally, we provided three perspectives for the further research of the lake eco-environment baseline determination. We hope that this review article could provide the support for forming the method and process of unification, effectivity, reasonability, and high applicability for the determination of eco-environmental baseline in lake ecosystems.





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