摘要:旅游生态效率是评估区域绿色全要素生产率和可持续发展水平的绩效依据。基于西部各省（市、自治区）2000-2017年的面板数据，用"自下而上"法测算西部地区旅游业碳排放量并运用比值法计算旅游生态效率，分析旅游生态效率的时空演变特征及影响因素。首先构建由旅游生态效率、规模效应、结构效应、技术效应共同组成的PVAR模型，探究3种效应对旅游生态效率的影响。然后在考虑各地区能源消费结构差异的基础上构建面板门槛模型，对旅游业发展水平与旅游生态效率的非线性关系进行实证检验。研究结果表明：（1）西部地区旅游生态效率自2000年西部大开发战略实施以来呈逐步提高的趋势，绿色发展水平持续提高。（2）旅游生态效率受自身滞后因素以及技术效应因素的影响较大，游客规模的扩大、产业结构优化以及技术水平的提高均有利于旅游生态效率的提高。（3）旅游业发展水平对旅游生态效率的影响存在门槛效应，经济发展水平、规模效应、结构效应对旅游生态效率有显著的正向作用，城镇化对旅游生态效率有显著的负向作用。最后根据实证分析的结果，提出西部地区实现旅游业绿色、低碳发展的相关对策。



Abstract:The concept of eco-efficiency was firstly put forward in the academia by Schaltegger and Sturn in 1990. Being promoted greatly by the World Business Council for Sustainable, eco-efficiency is widely used in the assessment of ecological and economic impacts in agriculture, industry and mining, tourism and so on. Tourism eco-efficiency was firstly put forward in the academia by G ssling in 2005,and it is an important basis for the performance evaluation of regional green total factor productivity and sustainable development level. In recent years, there are many achievements in the research of tourism eco-efficiency at home and abroad. It has received increasing attention in theoretical research and policy development. The Western Development Strategy is an important strategy of the Party Central Committee, which includes not only the improvement of the level of economic development but also the improvement of the ecological environment. In this paper, based on the panel data of western provinces (cities and autonomous regions) from 2000 to 2017, the carbon emissions of tourism industry and tourism eco-efficiency are calculated by using "bottom-up" and ratio method, respectively. The temporal-spatial evolution characteristics and influencing factors of tourism eco-efficiency are analyzed in detail as well. First, a PVAR model consisting of tourism eco-efficiency, scale effect, structure effect, and technology effect is built. The impact of scale effect, structure effect, and technology effect on tourism eco-efficiency is studied using the model. Then considering the differences in energy consumption structure of each region, a panel threshold model is established to verify the non-linear relationship between development level of tourist industry and tourism eco-efficiency. The results show that (1) the tourism eco-efficiency in western region has gradually increased since the implementation of Western Development Strategy in 2000, and the level of green development continued to improve. It shows that the strategy of western development has achieved remarkable results. (2) The tourism eco-efficiency is greatly affected by its own lagging factors and technical effects. The expansion of tourist scale, optimization of industrial structure, and improvement of technological level all contribute to the improvement of tourism eco-efficiency. (3) There is a threshold effect of the influence of tourism development level on tourism eco-efficiency. The level of economic development, scale effects, and structural effects have obviously positive impacts on tourism carbon emission efficiency, while urbanization harms the tourism eco-efficiency significantly. Finally, based on the results of empirical analysis, the countermeasures are proposed to realize green and low-carbon development of tourism in western region.





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