摘要:为探讨3种不同的玉米秸秆处理方式对冬季黑土农田蜱螨目和弹尾目群落结构的影响，于2018年冬季分别对机收秸秆还田（MH）、人工收获秸秆移出（AH）、人工收获秸秆未移出（NR）3种不同的玉米秸秆处理方式下，土壤中蜱螨目和弹尾目的群落结构进行调查。共捕获蜱螨目和弹尾目1713只22种，MH、AH和NR分别捕获739只16种、401只17种、573只16种。MH中蜱螨目和弹尾目的个体数量最高，AH的物种数最高，NR具有最高的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀性指数和Simpson优势度指数。3种不同的玉米秸秆处理方式对蜱螨目和弹尾目个体数、物种数和群落多样性指数均无显著影响，CCA分析结果表明，不同的土壤因子对蜱螨目和弹尾目的个体数和物种数影响不同，优势种和常见种的分布与土壤全磷、含水量和全氮显著相关。研究结果表明，蜱螨目是冬季研究区内的优势类群，NR更有利于提高蜱螨目和弹尾目群落结构的多样性，对蜱螨目和弹尾目的群落结构和多样性有一定的保护作用，本研究为冬季黑土农田土壤动物多样性研究与保护提供理论依据。



Abstract:This experiment aims to investigate the effects of three different harvesting methods of corn stalks on acarina and collembola community structures in cropland in the black soil region in winter. In 2018, we investigated the community structures of soil acarina and collembola in three plots with three different harvesting methods of corn stalks: machine-harvested corn stalks returning to the field (MH), artificially harvested corn stalks removing (AH), and artificially harvested corn stalks not removing (NR). A total of 1713 individuals belonging to 22 species were captured, of which 739 belonging to 16 species were in the MH plot, 401 belonging to 17 species were in the AH plot, 573 belonging to 16 species were in the NH plot.The highest individuals and species numbers of acarina and collembola were detected in the MH and AH plot, respectively. The highest values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and Simpson dominance index were all in the NR plot. Three harvesting methods of corn stalks had no significant effects on individuals, species numbers and diversity indices of acarina and collembola communities. The results of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that soil factors had different effects on individuals and species numbers of acarina and collembola communities. The distributions of dorminant and common species were significantly correlated with soil total phosphorus, water content, and total nitrogen content. This study suggests that acarina is the dominant group in the winter in the study area. NR is helpful to improving the diversity of the acarina and collembola community, and it has a positive effect on the protection of the structure and diversity of acarina and collembola community. This study provides a theoretical basis for the research and conservation of soil animal diversity in black soil cropland in winter.





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