摘要:对内蒙古根河大兴安岭林区1987年（恢复后期）、2013年（恢复前期）的皆伐与渐伐样地以及未采伐对照样地兴安落叶松的根际土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构和多样性进行了分析，旨在揭示不同主伐方式对兴安落叶松根际土壤理化性质以及微生物群落的影响。结果表明，主伐后兴安落叶松根际土壤的理化性质以及微生物群落的变化特征与非根际土壤存在区别，且不同主伐方式在不同恢复时期会对兴安落叶松根际土壤理化性质以及微生物群落产生不同的影响：（1）根际与非根际土壤微生物群落中真菌均比细菌更容易受到土壤理化性质的影响，但是单一种理化性质的改变对根际与非根际土壤微生物群落均不能造成显著影响。（2）相较于未采伐对照样地，皆伐样地恢复前期兴安落叶松根际土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构和多样性没有显著变化。皆伐样地恢复后期，兴安落叶松根际土壤理化性质（总碳、总氮、速效氮、pH）发生了显著变化，导致了微生物量碳氮、真菌磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）含量显著降低、细菌/真菌显著升高，辛普森多样性指数显著降低。（3）渐伐样地恢复前期兴安落叶松根际土壤总碳、总氮、速效氮含量以及含水量均显著降低，总钾、速效磷含量显著上升，根际土壤微生物量碳含量显著降低。恢复后期，兴安落叶松根际土壤总磷含量显著升高，根际土壤微生物量碳的含量已恢复到渐伐前水平。渐伐干扰对根际土壤各微生物类群PLFA含量、微生物群落结构以及多样性没有显著影响。



Abstract:Timber harvesting is common disturbances of forest ecosystem and different harvest methods have different effects on forest ecosystem. The unreasonable harvest method will cause soil nutrient loss, reduce soil water holding capacity, and lead to serious consequences such as soil erosion and forest degradation. The Great Xingan Mountain forest ecosystem has the largest forest area and the largest forest stock in China. L. gmelinii is the main zonal vegetation in this area. Therefore, the restoration of L. gmelinii is of great importance to the Great Xingan Mountain forest ecosystem after harvesting. Clear cutting and shelter-wood cutting sites in 1987 and 2013 and uncut contrast site in the Great Xingan Mountain, Genghe, Inner Mongolia were selected as the research area. We sampled the rhizosphere soil of L. gmelinii in sites and analyzed its physicochemical properties and microbial community characteristics. The results showed that change of physical and chemical properties and characteristics of microbial community of rhizosphere soil after timber harvesting were different from that of non-rhizosphere soil, and the physical and chemical properties and microbial community of rhizosphere soil of L. gmelinii would be affected differently by different harvest methods in different stage of restoration. (1) Fungi in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microbial communities were both more susceptible to the effects of soil physical and chemical properties than bacteria, but the change of single physical and chemical properties could not significantly affect the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microbial communities. (2) Compared with the uncut contrast site, in the early stage of restoration of clear cutting, no significant changes were found in the physical and chemical properties, microbial community structure and diversity of the rhizosphere soil of L. gmelinii. In the late stage of restoration of clear cutting, the physical and chemical properties (total carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and pH) of the rhizosphere soil of L. gmelinii changed significantly, resulting in a significant decrease in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, the content of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) of fungi, a significant increase in bacteria/fungi, and a significant decrease in Simpson diversity index. (3) For shelter-wood cutting sites, in the early stage of restoration, the contents of total carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and water content in the rhizosphere of L. gmelinii were significantly reduced. The content of total potassium and available phosphorus were significantly increased, the microbial biomass was significantly lower than that of the contrast site. At the late stage of restoration, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen and the content of total phosphorus increased significantly, and the microbial biomass carbon returned to the level before shelter-wood cutting. Shelter-wood cutting had no significant effect on PLFA content, microbial community structure and diversity of all microbial groups in rhizosphere soil.





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