摘要:明确野生动物栖息地的空间分布格局和影响因子，是有效的栖息地管理和物种保护的基础。基于王朗国家级自然保护区自2001至2018年间的野外调查记录，首次使用MaxEnt模型对蓝马鸡（Crossoptilon auritum）栖息地适宜性进行了分析和评价。结果显示：（1）地形特征和极端时期的气候是影响蓝马鸡栖息地适宜性的主要环境因子，年最低温高于-14.4℃、海拔约2430-3100 m、坡度小于40°、靠近河流且最干月降水低于4.4 mm的区域属于蓝马鸡的适宜栖息地；（2）保护区内共有蓝马鸡栖息地102.28 km²，约占保护区总面积的三分之一，其中适宜栖息地面积59.41 km²，次适宜栖息地面积42.87 km²，为该物种提供了面积巨大且连通性极好的栖息地；（3）在不适宜蓝马鸡分布的区域，海拔过高和最干月降水量较大是限制其栖息地适宜性的主要环境因子。目前保护区内主要的人为干扰类型是牦牛和马匹的放牧活动，并且放牧强度和区域有扩大趋势，潜在威胁着蓝马鸡种群及其栖息地。因此，基于模型结果和野外调查，为避免保护区内蓝马鸡栖息地的退化和破碎化，提出了控制放牧数量和面积、增强对放牧人员的宣传教育以及定期监测河流水质的保护建议，以期促进蓝马鸡的种群和栖息地保护。



Abstract:Understanding the distribution pattern of wildlife habitat and its influencing factors is crucial for effective habitat management and species conservation. Based on the records collected in field surveys from 2001 to 2018, we assessed the habitat suitability for Blue Eared-pheasant (Crossoptilon auritum) in Wanglang National Nature Reserve using MaxEnt modelling. Our results suggested that: (1) habitat suitability for Blue Eared-pheasant was mainly influenced by topographic features and climate conditions under extreme periods. Its suitable habitat was associated with annual minimum temperature higher than -14.4℃, elevation from 2430 m to 3100 m, slope lower than 40°, close to the nearest river, and precipitation in the driest month lower than 4.4 mm. (2) There was 102.28 km² Blue Eared-pheasant habitat in the nature reserve in total, covering about one third area of the nature reserve. The suitable and sub-suitable habitat for the species was predicted as 59.41 km² and 42.87 km², respectively, collectively providing ideal natural habitat with sufficient area and connectivity for the species. (3) Higher elevation and precipitation in the driest month that exceed corresponding suitability thresholds were two primary environmental factors limiting habitat suitability throughout the areas that were unsuitable for Blue Eared-pheasant. Recent years, livestock grazing (yaks and horses) has become a main type of human disturbance in the nature reserve, and grazing intensity and region were still in a trend of fast increasing, potentially threatening the population and habitat of Blue Eared-pheasant. Thus, based on our modelling results and field investigations, we provided some conservation suggestions for protecting Blue Eared-pheasant in Wanglang National Nature Reserve from habitat degeneration and fragmentation, including restriction grazing intensity and region, propaganda of wildlife protection concept and laws to local people, and periodical monitoring of water quality of rivers in the nature reserve.





PDF全文下载地址:

https://www.ecologica.cn/stxb/article/pdf/stxb201908081666