摘要:针对目前跨界生态补偿普遍存在的补偿标准单一、补偿内容不完善等问题，以新安江流域为例，构建基于机会成本法和生态系统服务价值法的动态测算模型，开展跨界生态补偿标准研究。根据目前新安江流域各阶段协议水质将生态补偿分为试行和修复两个测算阶段，补偿年限分别为2012-2014年和2015-2017年。试行阶段采用机会成本法，修复阶段采用生态系统服务价值法。结果表明：（1）试行阶段新安江流域生态补偿的直接成本和间接成本额度分别从2012年的18.49亿元和2.28亿元上升到2014年的32.47亿元和4.01亿元。其中，工业在间接成本中年均占比率高达55.10%，这说明黄山市从多方面逐渐加强对流域的生态管理和投入，尤其是对流域水生态环境起直接影响的污染企业采取了取缔关停等措施。（2）2015-2017年新安江流域生态补偿额度也呈现上涨态势。黄山市总供给和自身消耗的生态系统服务价值的年均增幅分别为5.08%和4.32%，生态系统服务价值总供给比自身消耗高0.76个百分点，反映出黄山市通过增加生态面积、改变土地利用类型等方式来提高流域水生态环境质量。（3）新安江流域2012-2014年试点阶段的生态补偿总额应为80.67亿元，2015-2017年修复阶段的生态补偿总额应为125.65亿元。而实际新安江流域试点以来累计投入36亿元的生态补偿额，远低于上游对环境整治的投入与损失额，因此建议为了新安江流域的生态环境保护，流域双方建立动态、长效的生态补偿机制，加大生态补偿额度。



Abstract:Aiming at the problems of single compensation standard and incomplete compensation content in cross-border ecological compensation, this study takes the Xin'an River Basin as an example, builds a dynamic measurement model based on opportunity cost method and ecosystem service value method, and carries out cross-border ecological compensation standard research. According to the current agreement on the water quality of the Xin'an River Basin, the ecological compensation is divided into two trial phases: trial and restoration. The compensation period fall in 2012-2014 and 2015-2017 respectively. Opportunity cost method is used in the trial phase, and ecosystem service value method is used in the restoration phase. The results showed that: (1) the direct and indirect cost quotas for ecological compensation in the Xin'an River Basin in the pilot phase increased from 1.849 billion yuan and 228 million yuan in 2012 to 3.247×10⁶ yuan and 401×10⁶ yuan in 2014, respectively. Among them, the averagely annual ratio of industrial indirect costs was as high as 55.10%, which indicated that Huangshan City has gradually strengthened the ecological management and investment of the river basin from various aspects, especially the polluting enterprises that had a direct impact on the aquatic ecological environment of the river basin. (2) The amount of ecological compensation in the Xin'an River Basin also showed an upward trend from 2015 to 2017. The annually average increase in the total supply and self-consumed ecosystem service value of Huangshan City were 5.08% and 4.32%, and the total supply of ecosystem service value was 0.76% higher than its own consumption, which reflects that Huangshan City has improved the quality of the water ecological environment of the river basin by increasing the ecological area and changing the type of land use etc. (3) The total amount of ecological compensation in the pilot phase of Xin'an River Basin from 2012 to 2014 was estimated at 8.067 billion yuan, and the total amount of ecological compensation in the restoration phase from 2015 to 2017 was estimated at 12.565 billion yuan. However, the actual amount of ecological compensation amounted to 3.6 billion yuan since the pilot of the Xin'an River Basin was much lower than the upstream investment and loss in environmental improvement. Therefore, in order to protect the ecological environment of the Xin'an River Basin, we recommended that both sides of the basin established a dynamic and long-lasting ecological compensation mechanism to increase the amount of ecological compensation.





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