摘要:基于民族生态学视角，运用生态学、民族学等学科的理论与方法，以贵州东南部的雷公山国家自然保护区为研究区域，对贵州苗族食用野菜资源及相关传统知识进行了调查研究。结果显示：（1）贵州苗族传统食用的野菜有80种，隶属46科67属，苗族对野菜的食用方式、食用部位呈现出多样性特征；（2）贵州苗族食用野菜相关传统知识的多样性主要体现在野菜采集文化、野菜处理传统知识、野菜饮食传统文化、野菜相关的苗医药文化、与野菜相关的文学与谚语等5个方面；苗族食用野菜相关传统知识多样性指数α和β分别为0.75和0.29，说明贵州苗族食用野菜相关传统知识具有多样而空间分布不连续的特征；（3）苗族食用野菜种类多样性与野菜相关传统知识α多样性指数的Pearson相关性系数为0.844，说明两者具有较强的正相关关系，食用野菜有关传统知识多样性对食用野菜种类多样性发挥着重要作用。因此，充分肯定野菜价值、挖掘整理和弘扬民族文化，促进野菜资源保护与可持续利用具有重要学术价值和现实应用价值。



Abstract:The objective of this study was to investigate and study the edible wild vegetable resources and the related traditional knowledge of Miao Nationality. The study area is the national nature reserve of Leigongshan in Guizhou Province. Several theories and methods of ecology and ethnology were used to analyze data and parse results. Results showed that: (1) The total number of 80 species of wild vegetables traditionally eaten by the Miao Nationality in Guizhou, belonging to 46 families and 67 genera. Meantime, the eating ways and eating parts of wild vegetables for Miao nationality have diversity characteristics. (2) The diversity in traditional knowledge relating to edible wild vegetables for Miao Nationality is mainly reflected in five aspects: the culture of collecting wild vegetables, the traditional knowledge of processing wild vegetables, the traditional culture of eating wild vegetables, the Miao medicine culture related to wild vegetables, and the traditional literature and proverbs related to wild vegetables. The α diversity index of traditional knowledge about edible wild vegetables is 0.75 and the β diversity index is 0.29, indicating the traditional knowledge of edible wild vegetables has the characteristics of diversity and discontinuous spatial distribution by Miao Nationality in Guizhou Province. (3) The Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.844 between the diversity of edible wild vegetables and the α diversity index of traditional knowledge related to wild vegetables of Miao nationality, which indicates a significant positive correlation between species and traditional knowledge of wild vegetables. The diversity of traditional knowledge related to edible wild vegetables plays an important role in the diversity of edible wild vegetables. Therefore, it is important to promote the protection and sustainable utilization of wild vegetable resources through excavating and carrying forward national culture and fully affirming the value of wild vegetables.





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