摘要:海洋生态系统服务可分为供给、调节、文化和支持4组服务，调节服务是海洋生态系统服务的关键构成要素之一。现行国家标准《海洋生态资本评估技术导则》（GB/T 28058-2011）中调节服务价值已有相应评估指标和方法，但与陆地生态系统的评估体系并不统一。为了更好地接轨陆地生态系统评估体系和将海洋生态系统服务价值评估纳入国民经济核算体系，首先对调节服务价值的评估指标和方法进行改进和完善，之后以温州海域为例开展应用验证，并与国标方法评估的结果进行比对。选择固碳、气候调节和废弃物处理3项指标，分别采用替代市场价格法和替代成本法对2013-2017年5年间温州海域生态系统提供的调节服务价值进行评估，并初步揭示其空间分布规律。结果表明，采用改进后的评估指标和方法，2013-2017年温州海域调节服务价值变化范围为（63.59-86.25）亿元；其中，以废弃物处理提供的服务价值占主导地位（56.53%-76.64%），其次是气候调节服务提供的价值（23.33%-43.45%），二者合计占调节服务价值的99.9%以上。可见，温州海域调节服务价值的贡献主要来自废弃物处理和气候调节服务提供的价值。温州海域面积8649 km²，2013-2017年其调节服务价值平均分布密度范围为（73.52-99.72）万元/km²。此外，温州海域提供的调节服务价值相当于同年温州市地区海洋生产总值的7.34%-11.88%，相当于同年温州市地区生产总值（GDP）的1.26%-2.00%，对温州市第二产业增加值的贡献度为17%-27%，由此表明温州海域调节服务价值对温州市经济发展有着重要的支撑作用。温州海域调节服务价值的空间分布总体呈现出从近岸向外海明显降低趋势。采用新的评估指标和评估方法，能大幅度提高调节服务的价值（是旧方法评估价值的6-9倍），从而使温州市海洋生态系统服务总价值得到大幅提升。本研究对温州市海洋生态系统调节服务价值的评估，反映出近年来温州市海洋生态环境处于良好状态，同时表明海洋生态系统为人类带来了巨大效益，也可为温州市海洋生态文明建设和海洋部门管理工作提供一定的决策依据。



Abstract:The marine ecosystem services consist of four elements such as provisioning service, regulating service, cultural service and supporting service. The regulating service value is one of the key constituents of marine ecosystem service values. There are corresponding evaluation indexes and methods for marine regulating service value in the current national standard ‘Technical directives for marine ecological capital assessment’ (GB/T 28058-2011), but it is not consistent with the evaluation system of terrestrial ecosystem. In order to better integrate the evaluation system of terrestrial ecosystem and bring the evaluation of marine ecosystem service values into the national economic accounting system, the evaluation indicators and methods of marine regulating service value were first improved in this paper, the application verification was carried out by taking Wenzhou coastal waters as an example, and the results were compared with those of the national standard method. Three indicators including carbon sequestrating, climate regulating and waste disposal are selected to evaluate the regulating service value provided by marine ecosystem in Wenzhou city from 2013 to 2017. The replacement-market-price method and the replacement-cost method are used to value these indicators. The spatial distribution map of the regulating service value in Wenzhou coastal waters are also preliminarily revealed. The results show that adopting the improved evaluation indicators and methods, the regulating service value in Wenzhou coastal waters is 63.59-86.25 billion yuan, in which the value of waste disposal service makes a major contribution about 56.53%-76.64% of the total regulating service and the climate regulating service is lower in value with about 23.33%-43.45%.of the total regulating service. The values of these two services account for more than 99.9% of the total regulating service value. According to the space range of 8649 km² in Wenzhou coastal waters, the average distribution density of regulating service value from 2013 to 2017 is valued as high as (73.52-99.72) ten thousand yuan/km². Additionally, the regulating service value provided by marine ecosystem in Wenzhou city is equivalent to 7.34%-11.88% of Wenzhou's marine gross products, and about 1.26%-2.00% of Wenzhou's gross domestic product (GDP) in the same year, and the contribution to the added value of secondary industry is 17%-27%. It is shown that the marine regulating service value has played an important supporting role in the economic development of Wenzhou city. The spatial distribution of the regulating service value in Wenzhou coastal waters shows an obvious decreasing trend from inshore to offshore. The use of new evaluation indicators and methods can greatly increase the marine regulating service value (about 6-9 times), compared with that of the old evaluation system, thus the total marine ecosystem service values in Wenzhou city are greatly increased. The evaluation of the regulating service value provided by ecosystem in Wenzhou coastal waters from 2013 to 2017 can reflect the good state of marine ecological environment in Wenzhou city in recent years, and show that marine ecosystem has brought great benefits to human beings. It can also provide a certain decision-making basis for the construction of marine ecological civilization and the management of marine administrative departments at the present stage.





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