摘要:随着自然保护区多样化的发展以及旅游需求的日益增长，保护区管理者面临着保护生态环境与满足娱乐需求的双重压力，这使得保护区管理者需要更多的信息进行决策。以中国东北部的扎龙国家级自然保护区为例，进行了一项选择实验，选取生物多样性、预期游客数量、景区的环境教育设施、门票价格等4个属性，分别采用多项logit模型、随机参数logit模型和潜在分类模型，探究游客在可能存在冲突的管理优先级之间的偏好。目的是揭示游客如何评价保护区不同的管理属性，以及各属性的边际支付意愿和偏好，并根据这些信息制定有效的保护区管理指南。研究结果表明生物多样性是保护区游客最关注的属性，并且游客对于生态属性的关注度高于娱乐属性。因此，保护区管理者应首先维持并改善生物多样性及其生态环境，在不破坏生态环境的基础上开发具有环境教育作用的娱乐服务。此外，研究发现游客可分为生态友好型和价格敏感型两种类别，不同类型的群体对游览保护区存在不同偏好，女性和年轻的受访者对生态更友好，男性和年长的受访者对价格更敏感。本文的贡献是将某一方面属性价值的描述扩展到涵盖多个管理属性的研究，并为保护区管理中生态与娱乐的权衡问题提供了更具体的见解。



Abstract:With the diversified development of nature reserves and the increasing of tourism demand, the managers of nature reserves are facing with the dual pressure of protecting the ecological environment and meeting the needs of recreation, which makes the managers need more information to make decisions. It is adopted multinomial logit model, random parameter logit model and latent class model to conduct a choice experiment on the preference of tourists among management priorities that may conflict in Zhalong national nature reserve of northeast China. A set of assumed nature reserve attributes and levels is created, including ‘biodiversity’, ‘expected number of visitors’, ‘environmental education facilities’ and ‘entrance fee’. The purpose is to reveal how tourists evaluate the different management attributes of nature reserves, as well as the marginal willingness to pay and preference for each attribute. Based on this information, we develop effective guidelines for the management of nature reserves. The results show that the tourists are most concerned about biodiversity and attach more importance to ecological attribute than recreational attribute. Therefore, reserve managers should first maintain and improve biodiversity and ecological environment, and then develop recreational services with environmental education function without destroying the environment. Tourists' willingness to pay for ‘expected number of visitors’ is negative, which leads to the loss of welfare, indicating that the tourists prefer a quiet environment with few people when visiting the nature reserve and other ecological tourism scenic spots. It is also found that the tourists can be divided into two groups, eco-friendly (67.44%) and price-sensitive (32.56%). The tourists in different groups have different preferences for visiting the nature reserve, which reveals the origin of preference heterogeneity. Women and younger respondents are more ecologically friendly, while men and older respondents are more price sensitive. Respondents' willingness to pay for the management attributes of nature reserves is following the order of ‘biodiversity’, ‘environmental education facilities’, and ‘expected number of visitors’ from high to low with 3.41 yuan, 2.18 yuan and -0.32 yuan respectively. Among the four selected management scenarios, the average willingness to pay for the best plan is 7.78 yuan per person, and the total annual average willingness to pay for improving Zhalong national nature reserve is 3.112 million yuan. The average annual willingness to pay for the improvement of ecological attributes and entertainment attributes is 1.368 million yuan and 0.872 million yuan respectively. From the management perspective of nature reserves, clear information can be obtained that improving the ecological and recreational attributes is a valuable plan for future development. The contribution of this paper is to extend the description of one attribute value to the study covering multiple management attributes and provide more specific insights to the trade-offs between ecology and recreation in nature reserve management.





PDF全文下载地址:

https://www.ecologica.cn/stxb/article/pdf/stxb201901100084