摘要:开展生态效益评估，对于推动生态效益纳入经济社会评价体系、推进生态文明建设具有重要意义。生态效益是指自然界的生态系统对人类的生产、生活条件和环境条件产生的有益影响和有利效果。GEP（Gross Ecosystem Product）是生态系统生产总值，指一定区域在一定时间内，生态系统为人类提供最终产品与服务的经济价值总和，是一定区域生态系统为人类福祉贡献的总货币价值，可以反映一个地区的生态效益。本研究提出面向生态效益评估的GEP核算框架，建立核算指标体系和技术方法，基于遥感数据和统计数据以青海省为例开展面向生态效益评估的GEP核算研究，并对相关利益者进行分析。研究结果表明，2015年青海省生态系统生产总值GEP为464.16亿元，对生态资产产生的生态效益进行相关利益者分析，80%以上生态效益的受益者是青海省以外的区域。以可比价计算，自2000年以来青海省GEP增加32.6%。根据现有的数据体系和方法核算的GEP是有现实意义的，可以作为生态效益评估的指标，可以作为GDP的重要补充对政策效益和生态保护成效开展评估，还可以作为市场化、多元化生态补偿机制建立和"绿水青山"向"金山银山"转化的依据和参考，为决策者提供重要的信息。



Abstract:Conducting ecological benefit assessment is of great significance for promoting ecological benefits to be included in economic and social evaluation system and pushing the construction of ecological civilization. Ecological benefits refer to the beneficial effects of natural ecosystems on human production, living conditions and environmental conditions. Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) is a measure of the aggregate monetary value of ecosystem goods and services in a given region in an accounting period, which can reflect the ecological benefits of specific area. This research proposed the framework of GEP accounting for ecological benefits assessment, established the accounting indicator system and methods. On the basis of remote sensing data and statistical data, this research took Qinghai Province as a case to measure the GEP for ecological benefits assessment, and analyzed the stakeholders. The research results show that the GEP of Qinghai Province in 2015 was 46.42 billion Yuan, and increased by 32.6% since 2000. More than 80% of these benefits accrue regionally to other provinces out of Qinghai Province. GEP can provide visibility and give prominence to the values of nature and their contributions to human well-being with available data and methods, as well as contribute to ecological benefits assessment, which can be used as an important supplement of GDP in assessment of policy effects and ecological protection effectiveness, also serve as the reference for the establishment of market-oriented and diversified ecological compensation mechanism and the transformation from "lucid waters and lush mountains" to "golden and silver mountains", providing important information for decision makers.





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