摘要:调水工程引起的多环境因子关联变化对沉水植物群落的影响机制有待深入探讨。以南水北调东线工程调蓄河湖群中菹草种群为研究对象，分析了京杭运河（YH）、高邮湖（GY）、洪泽湖（HZ）、骆马湖（LM）、南四湖上级湖（NS1）、南四湖下级湖（NS2）和东平湖（DP）7个调蓄河湖中菹草个体功能性状特征及其与环境因子间的关系。结果表明：（1）除高锰酸盐指数（COD_Mn）、浊度（Tur）和底泥有机质含量（S_o）外，总氮（TN）、硝氮（NO₃-N）、氨氮（NH₄-N）、总磷（TP）、正磷酸盐（PO₄-P）、硅酸盐（SiO₄-Si）、叶绿素a（Chla）、总溶解性固体（TDS）、透明度（SD）、消光系数（K）、水温（T）、电导率（Cond）、酸碱度（pH）、溶解氧（DO）和底泥含水率（S_w）在河湖间差异达到了极显著水平；（2）菹草株高、茎分支数、茎节数、茎节长、茎直径、相对茎长、叶片数、叶厚、叶长、叶宽、叶面积、比叶面积、株重、茎重、叶重、茎叶比、茎干物质比、叶干物质比在河湖间差异极显著；（3）河湖群内菹草种群18个功能性状中，按变异系数从小到大依次为：叶宽、茎直径、叶长、茎干物质比、叶干物质比、叶面积、株高、茎节长、相对茎长、茎叶比、叶厚、茎节数、茎重、叶片数、株重、比叶面积、叶重、茎分支数；7个调蓄河湖间，按照所有性状变异系数平均值从大到小排序依次为：南四湖下级湖、洪泽湖和京杭运河、高邮湖、东平湖、南四湖上级湖、骆马湖；（4）环境因子共解释了功能性状方差变异的49.43%；叶性状主要受营养因子（TN、NO₃-N、SiO₄-Si）影响；茎性状与光照因子（Chla和SD）密切相关；底泥因子（S_o）对茎叶生物量分配起主要作用。



Abstract:The effects of water transfer project, which caused a series of changes of the environmental factors, on submerged macrophyte communities have not been fully investigated. We addressed this issue by choosing the channel river and impounded lakes of the east route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP) as one case study. Seven natural populations of Potamogeton crispus L. in Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, Lake Gaoyou, Lake Hongze, Lake Luoma, Lake Nansi, and Lake Dongping were investigated to determine the functional traits and their relationships with environmental factors. The results indicated that:(1) total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N), ammonia nitrogen (NH₄-N), total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate (PO₄-P), silicate (SiO₄-Si), chlorophyll a (Chla), total dissolved solids (TDS), transparency (SD), extinction coefficient (K), water temperature (T), conductivity (Cond), pH value (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), and sediment water content (S_w) differed significantly among the surveyed channel river and impounded lakes except permanganate index (COD_Mn), turbidity (Tur), and sediment organic matter content (S_o). (2) All 18 functional traits, including plant height, branch number, internodes number, internodes length, stem diameter, relative stem length, leaf number, leaf thickness, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, relative leaf area, plant weight, stem weight, leaf weight, stem leaf ratio, stem dry weight ratio, and leaf dry weight ratio were significantly different among the channel river and impounded lakes. (3) In terms of the coefficient of variation (CV) from low to high, the order of 18 functional traits was leaf width, stem diameter, leaf length, stem dry weight ratio, leaf dry weight ratio, leaf area, plant height, internodes length, relative stem length, stem leaf ratio, leaf thickness, internodes number, stem weight, leaf number, plant weight, relative leaf area, leaf weight, and branch number. Regarding to the mean CV of all functional traits from high to low, the order of 7 channel river and impounded lakes was lower region of Lake Nansi, Lake Hongze and Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, Lake Gaoyou, Lake Dongping, upper region of Lake Nansi, and Lake Luoma. (4) Redundancy analysis (RDA) result showed that 18 environmental factors explained 49.43% of total variation of functional traits. In general, the leaf traits had a significant correlation with nutrient factors (TN、NO₃-N、SiO₄-Si), and the stem traits were closely related to light factors (Chla and SD). While the biomass allocation of stem and leaf was mainly determined by the sediment factor (S_o).





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