摘要:生物质炭施用对土壤微生物群落结构的影响已有报道，但土壤团聚体粒组中微生物群落对生物质炭施用的响应的研究还相对不足。以施用玉米秸秆生物质炭两年后的水稻土为对象，采用团聚体湿筛法，通过高通量测序对土壤团聚体的微生物群落结构与多样性进行分析，结果表明：（1）与对照相比，生物质炭施用显著促进了大团聚体（2000-250 μm）的形成，并提高了团聚体的稳定性。（2）不同粒径团聚体间微生物相对丰度存在显著差异。在未施生物质炭的处理（C0）中，随着团聚体粒径增大，变形菌门、子囊菌门、β-变形杆菌目、格孢腔菌目的相对丰度逐渐降低，而酸杆菌门、担子菌门、粘球菌目、类球囊霉目的相对丰度逐渐升高。（3）生物质炭施用显著改变了团聚体间的微生物群落结构。与C0处理相比，生物质炭施用处理的大团聚体中变形菌门、鞭毛菌门和β-变形杆菌目的相对丰度分别显著提高了14.37%、33.28%和33.82%；微团聚体（250-53 μm）中酸杆菌门、子囊菌门和粘球菌目的相对丰度分别显著降低了20.15%、19.93%和17.66%；粉、黏粒组分（<53 μm）中担子菌门的相对丰度升高90.25%，而子囊菌门和鞭毛菌门的相对丰度分别降低12.15%和12.58%。由此可见，生物质炭不仅改变土壤团聚体组成和分布，同时伴随着土壤微生物群落结构的改变。



Abstract:Numerous studies have reported the effect of biochar addition on the structure of soil microbiota, but little information is available on the response of microbial composition to biochar application in soil aggregates. In this study, a single amendment of biochar was applied to a typical paddy field in southern China. Following two years, soil samples separated by a wet sieving method, and the microbial community structure was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq Next Generation sequencing. Results showed that the application of biochar (1) increased significantly the stability of soil aggregates and the proportion of the macro-aggregates fraction (2000-250 μm), and (2) changed significantly the relative abundances of bacteria and fungi among soil aggregates. For instance, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, Betaproteobacteriales, and Pleosporales decreased with the increase of aggregate size in C0 treatment, while the relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Basidiomycota, Myxococcales, and Paraglomerales increased gradually. In addition, the application of biochar (3) altered significantly the composition of microbes in different soil aggregates. Compared with C0 treatment, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Mortierellomycota, and Betaproteobacteriales increased significantly by 14.37%, 33.28%, and 33.82%, respectively, in the macro-aggregates fraction (2000-250 μm) under biochar amendment, while the relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Ascomycota, and Myxococcales decreased significantly by 20.15%, 19.93%, and 17.66%, respectively, in the micro-aggregates fraction (250-53 μm) under biochar amendment. Lastly, the relative abundances of Basidiomycota increased significantly by 90.25%, whereas Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota decreased significantly by 12.15% and 12.58%, respectively, in the silt-clay fraction (<53 μm). Overall, the application of biochar in a typical paddy field not only changed the structure and distribution of soil aggregates but also the composition of the soil microbial community in this study.





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