摘要:我国亚热带气候区植被资源丰富，对其典型植物群落的物种多样性分布随纬度和海拔变化规律的探索是一项非常有意义的研究工作。在亚热带区域按照纬度从高到低分别选取猫儿山、南岭和鼎湖山国家级自然保护区中的四个典型植物群落为研究对象。设立四个1hm²样地，采用国家标准方法调查和监测。通过对样地中胸径大于1cm的所有物种进行种-个体曲线分析，对优势种进行径级分布分析，以及对四个群落进行一系列α多样性和β多样性指数的比较和分析，发现四个植物群落的物种多样性随海拔和纬度变化趋势明显。研究结果显示：（1）海拔的差异对于种-个体的分布起到关键作用，个体数随海拔变化更加明显。纬度从南到北单个体种的出现频率逐渐下降，而单个体种对群落物种多样性的贡献也在低海拔地区更为显著。（2）海拔接近的南岭样地和鼎湖山样地α多样性差异显著：由于所处演替阶段不同，以及鼎湖山样地受到人为干扰大，物种多样性反而低于纬度较高的南岭样地。同一纬度不同海拔的猫儿山两块样地相比较，处于中纬度的红军亭样地α多样性高于海拔偏高的八角田样地。（3）四个群落之间由于生境的差异，物种组成明显不同。纬度和海拔对群落β多样性都有影响。群落间纬度相差越大，物种差异性越大。相同纬度的样地之间海拔对其β多样性的影响也是显著的。海拔相近的群落，纬度不同也会造成物种组成差异性显著。



Abstract:There are abundant vegetation resources in the subtropical climate zone in China. It is very meaningful to explore the species diversity distribution of typical plant communities with the changes of latitude and altitude. In this paper, four typical plant communities in the national nature reserves of Maoershan, Nanling and Dinghu Mountain were selected from the subtropical area according to the latitude from high to low. Four 1hm² sample sites were set up, investigated and monitored by the national standard methods. In sample area, all species with the individuals of diameter at breast height being greater than 1cm were used to analyze their species-individual curve, and diameter at breast height(DBH) size-class distribution structure of the dominant species. We also compared and analyzed α and β diversity index of the four communities. The results showed that:(1) the difference in altitude played a key role in the distribution of individual to species, and the number of individuals varied more obviously with altitude. The frequency of single individual species from south to north decreased gradually. The contribution of single individual species to species diversity of community was more significant in low altitude areas. (2) The α diversity in Nanling sample and Dinghu mountain sample was significantly different, although they are located in the similar altitude. Due to the different stages of succession and being greatly disturbed by human activities, the species diversity of Dinghu Mountain sample was lower than that in Nanling area with higher latitude. Comparing two sample plots of Maoershan at the same latitude and different elevations, the Hongjun Ting plot in middle latitude had a higher diversity than the Bajiao Tian plot in high altitude. (3) Due to the difference of habitat, the species composition of the four communities was obviously different. Both latitude and altitude affected the β diversity of the community. The greater the latitude difference between communities, the greater the species difference was existed. The effect of altitude on the β diversity of samples at the same latitude was also significant. In communities with similar elevations and different latitudes, the difference of species composition was also significant.





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