摘要:为了解宁夏不同地区盐碱化土壤细菌群落多样性的分布特征及其关键影响因子，选择贺兰县红星村、惠农县黄渠拐子、燕子墩、庙台、平罗县银星村、分水闸、侯家梁、西大滩为研究样点，采集宁夏地区8个典型盐碱化土壤样品，0-2 cm和2-25 cm土层，共48份。利用Illumina Hiseq高通量测序技术解析不同采样点土壤细菌群落结构的特征，同时分析了土壤理化因子与细菌群落结构的关系。试验结果表明：变形菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门为8个采样点土壤细菌群落的优势种类。其中，变形菌门占总量的24.69%-56.44%；γ-变形菌纲相对丰度在燕子墩土壤中显著高于其他样点（P<0.05）。0-2 cm土层，变形菌门相对丰度在燕子墩、红星村和分水闸这3个样点较高；拟杆菌门的相对丰度在分水闸样点土壤中最高；2-25 cm土层，变形菌门与表层土具有相同趋势；放线菌门的相对丰度在西大滩样点土壤中最高。在属水平，芽孢杆菌属是所有样点的优势属种。α多样性指数结果显示：燕子墩的土壤细菌群落多样性和丰富度都显著低于其他样点。土壤理化性质测定结果表明：在0-2 cm，全氮、有机碳、碱解氮、速效钾在黄渠拐子土壤中含量最高；含水量、pH值和电导率值在西大滩土壤中含量最低；K⁺、Cl^-含量在燕子墩地区最高；2-25 cm，SO₄^2-含量在燕子墩地区最高。Pearson相关性分析表明，土壤K⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-和电导率值显著影响细菌多样性指数。冗余分析（RDA）结果表明，土壤中含水量和电导率值是影响宁夏地区盐碱化土壤细菌群落结构的主要因子。



Abstract:In order to understand the distribution characteristics and key influencing factors of the bacterial community diversity in saline soil in different regions of Ningxia, we collected eight typical saline soil samples in Ningxia. The eight sampling sites are Helan county (Hongxing Village), Huinong county (Huangquguaizi Village, Yanzidun, Miaotai), and Pingluo county (Yinxing Village, Fenshuizha, Houjialiang, Xidatan). We collected soil samples from 0-2 cm and 2-25 cm soil depths, respectively. Illumina Hiseq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the characteristics of soil bacterial community structure at different sampling sites. The relationship between soil physicochemical factors and bacterial community structure was also analyzed. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phylum in eight soil sampling sites. Among them, Proteobacteria accounted for 24.69%-56.44% of the total. In addition, the relative abundance of γ-Proteobacteria was significantly higher in Yanzidun soils than that in other sampling sites soils (P<0.05). At 0-2 cm soil depth, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was higher in Yanzidun, Hongxing Village, and Fenshuizha Village than that in other sampling sites. The relative abundance of the second dominant group of Bacteroidetes was the highest in soils of Fenshuizha (P<0.05). At 2-25 cm soil depth, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria had the same tendency as that at topsoil. The relative abundance of the second dominant group of Actinobacteria was the highest in the Xidatan soils (P<0.05). At the genus level, Bacillus is the dominant genus in saline soils of all sampling sites in Ningxia. Alpha diversity index showed that the diversity and richness of soil bacterial community of Yanzidun soils were significantly lower than those of other sampling sites. The result of soil physicochemical properties showed that total nitrogen, organic carbon, alkalyzable nitrogen, and available potassium were the highest contents in Huangquguaizi soils. Soil moisture, pH, and the electrical conductivity were the lowest in Xidatan soils. The concentration of K⁺ and Cl^- were the highest in Yanzidun site at 0-2 cm soil depth. The concentration of SO₄^2- was the highest in Yanzidun site at 2-25 cm soil depth. The correlation analysis showed that K⁺, Cl^-, SO₄^2-, and electrical conductivity significantly affected the bacterial community diversity index of the saline soil. Redundancy analysis showed that the soil moisture and electrical conductivity were the crucial factors affecting the bacterial community structure of the saline soil in Ningxia.





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