摘要:改革开放40年以来，我国经济快速发展，人民生活水平不断提高，但生态环境持续遭到破坏，已成为阻碍经济社会可持续发展的主要瓶颈。为了解决出现的生态环境问题，我国实施了一系列生态工程。国内外****关注中国生态工程实施的效果，对工程效益进行了各自的评价研究。通过文献整理法和比较研究法，从评价指标、评价对象、评价理论方法3个方面对评价中国生态工程效益的国内外研究进行了比较分析。结果表明：1）国内研究存在"过定量化"和不评价效益可持续性的不足；2）国外研究有指标贴近实际、评价效益可持续性、借鉴多学科的优点；3）国内外研究的差异来源于其思维方式和关注重点的不同，即国内偏重理论评价，而国外关注实际效益；4）国内研究可以从以下方向来改进：定性定量相结合、评价效益可持续性、借鉴其他学科。以期有助于美丽中国的建设。



Abstract:During 40 years after the great reform and opening-up policy, China’s economy has been developing rapidly, and the people’s living standards have been constantly improving. Due to climate change and unreasonable human activities, however, the eco-environment continues to be destroyed. Many ecological problems emerged, such as energy shortage, population surge, and natural resource destruction, which became a major bottleneck of the sustainable development. In order to solve the eco-environmental problems, a series of ecological engineering programs have been implemented by central and local governments, like the Three North Shelterbelt program, the Grain for Green project, the Beijing-Tianjin Wind and Sand Source Control project, and so on. The Chinese and foreign scholars pay attention to the effects of China’s ecological engineering programs and have individually carried out their research on evaluation of the engineering programs benefits. Through literature analysis method and comparative study method, this paper conducted a comparative analysis of the domestic and foreign research on evaluating benefits of China’s ecological engineering programs from three aspects: evaluation index, evaluation object, and evaluation theory and method. The results showed that: 1) The domestic research on benefits evaluation had some disadvantages. They paid too much attention on "quantification", and only focused on evaluating the benefits themselves while nearly never evaluated the sustainability of benefits realization. 2) There were some advantages in the foreign research on benefits evaluation. They chose some indicators that were much closer to real life and were good at evaluating the sustainability of benefits realization. Also, they applied multi-disciplinary theories and methods to the benefits evaluation studies. 3) There were essential differences between the Chinese and foreign research on benefits evaluation. The Chinese research on benefits evaluation were more focused on theory and based on deductive methods, and also emphasized further the entire process of evaluation. While the foreign research was more focused on real life and based on inductive methods, and also emphasized further the real benefits being evaluated. 4) Learning from the foreign research, there were several improvements for the domestic research on benefits evaluation. Firstly, it should place emphasis on the role of qualitative evaluation methods and combine the qualitative methods with the quantitative methods in benefits evaluation. Secondly, it should evaluate the sustainability of benefits realization, and also explore the coupling and coordination issues between diverse benefits. Thirdly, it should purposefully learn and draw on the theories and methods of other disciplines, so as to conduct benefits evaluation research in a multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary context. We expected to help the implementation and improvement of China’s ecological engineering programs in the future, as well as the construction of beautiful China.





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