摘要:广东粤北南岭山区地处国家生态安全格局“两屏三带”中的南方丘陵山地带的核心区，由于历史上有色金属矿产无序开采、选矿和冶炼等活动，导致区域生态环境问题突出，并造成下游区域土壤、水、农作物污染。修复历史遗留矿山、做好源头控制是解决区域生态环境问题的关键所在。以典型矿山废弃地单元（废土堆）为例，提出其生态修复工程技术模式与关键技术，开展修复效益预评估方法和实践研究。研究结果表明：粤北南岭山区矿区生态环境问题主要包括矿山植被破坏和水土流失问题突出、地质灾害风险隐患较大、矿山周边水土污染严重几个方面；矿山生态修复应以防控安全隐患为基础，以恢复生态功能为主要目标，同时治理矿山水土污染。构建了遵循山水林田湖草系统共治的“依山就势”重塑地形、“因势利导”疏导水流、“柔性防护”稳定边坡的粤北南岭废土堆立体生态修复模式，提出了相应的场地平整、清污分流、土壤改良、边坡生态袋植生、立体植被配置等生态恢复关键技术；建立了包括涵养水源、保持水土、净化环境及净化水质4个方面的生态效益评估模型，废土堆修复后生态效益预计可达到66754.25元/a。研究结果可为粤北南岭山区及类似区域山水林田湖草系统共治提供技术支撑。



Abstract:Nanling mining area in northern Guangdong Province is located in the core area of the southern hilly and mountainous region of the "two screens and three belts" of the national ecological security pattern. Due to historical disorderly mining, beneficiation, and smelting activities of non-ferrous metal minerals, the problems of the regional ecological environment are clear, as well as soil, water, and crop pollution in downstream areas. Restoring historical mines and controlling the sources are essential for solving the problems of regional ecological environments. Taking typical mine abandoned land units (waste dumps) as examples, in this paper, the engineering technology model and key technologies of ecological restoration were proposed, and pre-evaluation methods and practical research on repair benefits were performed. The results revealed that ecological environment problems in the Nanling mining area of northern Guangdong include:outstanding vegetation destruction and soil erosion in mines, a high risk of geological hazards, and serious soil and water pollution around mines. Mine ecological restoration should be based on the prevention and control of potential safety hazards, with restoration of ecological functions as the main objective, and control of soil and water pollution in mines. This paper constructed a three-dimensional ecological restoration model of Nanling waste dump in northern Guangdong, which follows the co-governance of the mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands system, and remolds terrain according to the situation, guides water flow according to the situation, and stabilizes slopes with flexible protection. The key technologies of ecological restoration, such as site leveling, clearing and diverting, soil improvement, ecological bag planting of slope, and three-dimensional vegetation allocation, are proposed. It also establishes an ecological benefit evaluation model including water conservation, soil and water conservation, environmental purification, and water quality purification. It is estimated that the ecological benefit of waste dumps after restoration can reach 66754.25 yuan/a. These research results provide technical support for the co-management of the mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands system in the Nanling area of northern Guangdong and similar areas.





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