摘要:由于浮游动物对水体环境变化敏感，可表征水体污染程度，因此在2017年对妫水河浮游动物群落结构进行调查研究，分析了浮游动物群落结构时空变化特征及其与环境因子的关系，并利用生物学评价方法对水质进行评价。结果表明：妫水河浮游动物有4门22属88种，其中原生动物种类最多，为42种，主要以轮虫和原生动物为主，浮游动物平均细胞密度和生物量分别为5041.58个/L和2.88 mg/L。浮游动物群落结构与环境因子的CCA分析显示，水温、pH、DO和氨氮是影响妫水河浮游动物群落结构变化的重要因素，其中裂痕龟纹轮虫、冠饰异尾轮虫和螺形龟甲轮虫等对水体中氮磷的相关性极为显著，具有富营养化指示作用，可作为监测水质的指示生物。妫水河浮游动物多样性指数H、均匀度指数J和丰富度指数D全年平均值分别为0.43、0.31和0.41，整体评价结果显示，妫水河水体处于中到富营养型水平，尤其是下段城区段污染严重，表明妫水河水体生态功能遭到破坏，水质还需进一步改善和治理。本研究结果可为妫水河水质评价、水环境监测及水污染治理提供基础数据资料和理论依据。



Abstract:Zooplankton are sensitive to changes in the water environment and can characterize the degree of water pollution. The zooplankton community structure in the Guishui River was investigated in 2017, the temporal and spatial variations in zooplankton community structure and their relationship with environmental factors were analyzed, and water quality was evaluated using biological evaluation methods. The results showed that there were 4 phyla, 22 genera, and 88 species of zooplankton in the Guishui River, dominated mostly by rotifers and protozoa (42 species), the average cell density and biomass of zooplankton being 5041.58 ind/L and 2.88 mg/L, respectively. CCA analysis between the zooplankton community structure and environmental factors showed that water temperature, pH, DO, and NH₃-N were important factors affecting changes in zooplankton community structure in the Guishui River, and the relation of Anuraeopsis fissa, Trichocerca lophoessa, and Keratella cochlearis to nitrogen and phosphorus is extremely significant in the water body. These species can be used as eutrophication indicators for monitoring water quality. The annual values of the zooplankton diversity index (H), evenness index (J), and richness index (D) of the Guishui River were 0.43, 0.31, and 0.41, respectively. The overall evaluation results showed that the Guishui river was at the level of medium to high eutrophication, especially in the urban areas which were highly polluted, indicating that the ecological function of the Guishui river was impaired, and that the water quality needed further improvement and treatment. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for water quality assessment, water environment monitoring, and water pollution control of the Guishui River.





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