摘要:针对4种著名的草原毒杂草：醉马草，黄花棘豆，狼毒和露蕊乌头，应用生态位模型分别研究其在甘肃的潜在扩散区域。首先，通过最近邻体距离法和相关性分析分别选取样本数据和环境变量，接着应用最大熵方法（Maxent）建立生态位模型，预测了4种毒杂草的潜在分布区。最后通过Matlab和ENMTools计算了地理分布重心、平均海拔、等级分布区比例、生态位宽度、生态位重合度和地理分布重合度。研究结果表明：4种毒杂草中醉马草和狼毒的环境适应能力较强，但醉马草的分布范围更为广泛，从祁连山脉一直延伸到甘南草原，扩散重心基本在祁连山西侧，而狼毒分布范围主要在甘肃南部，地理分布重心大致位于兰州地区。黄花棘豆的分布范围主要集中在祁连山脉，而露蕊乌头更偏向甘南草原地区。



Abstract:Here, the potential distribution of four famous poisonous weeds, Achnatherum inebrians, Oxytropis ochrocephala, Stellera chamaejasme, and Aconitum gymnandrum, was studied using ecological niche models. Firstly, occurrence records and environment variables were selected using the nearest neighbor distance method and correlation analysis. Next, the ecological niche models were established using maximum entropy (Maxent) to predict the potential distribution areas of the four poisonous weeds. Finally, Matlab and ENMTools were applied to compute the geographical distribution centroid, the average elevation, the percentage of hierarchical distribution areas, the niche breadth, the niche overlap, and the range overlap. The results show that, among the four poisonous weeds, A. inebrians and S. chamaejasme have strongly environmental adaptability. However, the distribution range of A. inebrians is relatively wider, extending from Qilian Mountains to Gannan Grassland, and the geographical distribution centroid is basically on the western side of Qilian Mountains. The distribution range of S. chamaejasme is mainly in southern Gansu, and its geographical distribution centroid mainly locates in the Lanzhou area. O. ochrocephala is mainly distributed in Qilian Mountains, whereas A. gymnandrum is mainly found in Gannan Grassland.





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