摘要:自20世纪60年代以来，坡垒种群的保护与恢复一直是海南地方林业工作者关注的内容，采用的保护与恢复方式主要有原地保护和迁地保护，历经50多年，该种群在原生境发育状况一直得不到有效的改善，一直被列为国家Ⅰ级保护植物，IUCN的极危种群，2012年又列入国家种极小种群（全国120种）。因此，该种群的有效保护方式一直在探索中。通过野外调查和数据统计分析，比较研究了海南霸王岭自然保护区野生坡垒种群与枫木林场迁地保护后形成的坡垒种群的发育状况。结果表明，迁地保护与原地保护的种群均属于增长型，幼龄个体占优势，中龄和老龄个体相对较少，迁地保护的种群存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅰ型，原地保护的种群存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅲ型；时间序列预测分析表明，枫木迁地保护种群具备一定的恢复潜能，霸王岭种群正常更新难以维持，种群面临衰退。据生命表分析其主要原因是种群第Ⅰ龄级幼苗死亡率高达99.5%，生境对第Ⅰ龄级个体的环境筛选作用强，幼苗阶段数量仅0.53%能过渡到幼树阶段，迁地保护形成的小种群第Ⅰ龄级幼苗死亡率为90.3%，但幼苗阶段数量的8.85%能过渡到幼树阶段，具有充足的幼树个体数量，能够维持坡垒种群的稳定性，枫木林场地区更适宜坡垒的生存。因此，在原地保护的自然保护区内模拟迁地保护的环境特点，创造出适合的海南坡垒种群发育的环境条件，或许能缓解野生坡垒濒危状态。



Abstract:Hopea hainanensis is one of the National Key Protected Plants in China and was classified as an Extremely Small Population (120 in total in the country) in 2012. It was also classified as a Critically Endangered Population by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The protection and restoration patterns of H. hainanensis populations has been the focus of local forestry work in Hainan Province since the 1960s. Traditional methods are mainly in-situ and ex-situ conservation, which have been used over 50 years but still have little effect on improving the original habitat of the population. Therefore, exploring effective population protection modes is of great significance to change this predicament. In this paper, we compared the development status of two Hopea hainanensis populations:the in-situ population from Bawangling Preserve and the ex-situ population in Fengmu Woodland, based on field investigations and statistical analysis. Our study revealed that the populations under both ex-situ and in-situ protections the growth type:young individuals made up the overwhelming majority, while middle-aged and elderly individuals were relatively few. Further, ex-situ protection population survival curves tended to be Deevey-I type, while the in-situ population survival curves tended to be Deevey-Ⅲ. Time-series prediction analysis showed that the ex-situ population of Maple had a certain recovery potential, while in-situ population regeneration of the Bawangling population was difficult to maintain and is, thus, facing decline. According to analysis results, habitat has a strong environmental screening effect on the I age individuals and thus resulted in seedling mortality rates up to 99.5%-meaning only 0.53% can transition to young tree stage. Despite high seedling mortality rates (90.3%) in ex-situ populations, 8.85% seedlings can transition to the young tree stage, demonstrating a more stable population. Therefore, Fengmu Woodland is a more suitable option for the survival of Hopea hainanensis populations. We suggest simulating the environmental conditions of ex-situ conservation in in-situ conservation areas to create a suitable environment to alleviate the endangered state of Hopea hainanensis populations in Hainan Province.





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