摘要:国家重点生态功能区是保障国家生态安全、提升生态环境质量的重要区域。基于国家重点/非重点生态功能区生态环境质量变化的对比分析，结合土地覆被变化，对国家重点生态功能区转移支付政策执行之前的生态环境质量状况形成全面的认识。结果表明：国家重点/非重点生态功能区土地覆被类型均以生态用地为主，2000-2010年生态用地占比下降。国家重点生态功能区各年生态用地占比均高于非重点生态功能区，且土地覆被类型转换程度相对于非重点生态功能区要小。重点/非重点生态功能区的植被覆盖度、生物量密度、NPP均由东南向西北逐渐降低。水土保持型重点生态功能区的植被覆盖度最高，生物多样性维护型重点生态功能区的平均生物量密度、平均NPP最高，水源涵养型重点生态功能区的生物量总量、NPP总量最高，防风固沙型重点生态功能区由于多位于西北内陆，整体上植被覆盖度最低，生物量密度和生物量总量、平均NPP和NPP总量也最低。总的来说，2000-2010年间国家重点生态功能区的生态系统质量有所改善，但是改善的幅度不及非重点生态功能区。表明实施生态保护工程与转移支付，进一步改善重点生态功能区的生态环境质量，对提升全国整体生态安全水平具有重要的作用。



Abstract:National Key Ecological Function Areas (NKEFA) are important areas to ensure national ecological security and improve the quality of the ecological environment. This study compared the ecological environmental quality changes combined with land use transitions of NKEFA and non-NKEFA in 2000 and 2010 to form a comprehensive understanding of the quality of the ecological environment in NKEFA before the implementation of the transfer payment policy. The results indicated that the land cover types of NKEFA and non-NKEFA were both dominated by ecological land and the proportion of ecological land decreased between 2000 and 2010. In addition, the proportion of ecological land of NKEFA was higher than that of non-NKEFA both in 2000 and 2010 and the degree of conversion of land cover types was smaller in NKEFA than that of non-NKEFA. The vegetation coverage, biomass, and net primary productivity (NPP) of NKEFA and non-NKEFA both gradually decreased from southeast to northwest. According to the types of ecological function areas, the vegetation coverage was highest in the soil and water conservation function areas, and the average biomass density and average NPP were highest in the biodiversity maintenance function areas, and the total biomass and total NPP of water conservation function areas were the highest. Windbreak and sand-fixation function areas were mainly located in the northwest inland, leading to the lowest vegetation coverage, biomass density, and total biomass, average NPP and total NPP. Overall, the ecosystem quality of NKEFA improved from 2000 to 2010. However, the degree of improvement was not as large as that of non-NKEFA. This suggests that implementing ecological protection engineering projects and transfer payments policy can further improve the environment quality of NKEFA and plays an important role in enhancing the level of ecological security of the entire country.





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