摘要:中国城市需要更为紧凑的空间形态，但是城市空间紧凑性的环境效应并不十分清晰。采集城市管网设施指标、城市道路、交通设施指标、生态协同指标等建立环境因子指标集，选择标准化紧凑度指数NCI、标准化离散度指数NDIS、最大斑块面积指数LPI、景观形状指数LSI、平均形状指数SHAPE_MEAN、周长-面积分形维数PAFRAC等形态指标，运用统计分析的方法探索中国146座城市的空间形态的单因子环境效应、综合环境效应及环境效应的差异性。研究结果表明：（1）人均城市道路面积、供水管密度、排水管密度、万人拥有公交车辆、万人拥有出租车辆、人均公园绿地面积等环境因子与城市空间形态密切相关。城市紧凑度越高，城市管网系统密度越低，公共交通设施越少，人均公园绿地面积越少。城市形状越复杂，城市管网系统密度越高，公共交通投入越大，人均公园绿地面积越大。（2）综合环境因子与LSI呈中等强度的正相关（r=0.43，P<0.01）。城市空间形状越复杂，城市资源环境相关设施总体投入越多。（3）在不同的紧凑及形状复杂性水平下，万人拥有公交车辆、万人拥有出租车辆、供水管道密度及综合环境因子的显著性差异再次表明城市越紧凑，交通越发达；城市形状越复杂，环境投入越多。本文研究证明了城市空间形态越紧凑、资源越是节约，紧凑型城市空间形态能够用于中国城市建设。



Abstract:The environmental effect of the urban spatial compactness of Chinese cities is unclear. In this study, indices of urban pipe network facilities, urban road and traffic facilities, and ecological synergy were established. Morphological indices of normalized compactness index (NCI), normalized dispersion index (NDIS), largest patch area index (LPI), landscape shape index (LSI), mean shape index (SHAPE_MEAN), and perimeter-area fractal dimension (PAFRAC) were used to statistically analyze the single factor environmental effects, comprehensive environmental effect, and difference in environmental effects of the urban spatial form of 146 cities. The results showed that (1) the per capita urban road area, density of water supply pipe, density of drainage pipe, bus vehicles of 10000 people, taxis of 10000 people, and per capita park green area were closely related to the urban spatial form. A higher urban compactness was associated with a lower density of the urban pipe network, fewer public transport facilities, and lower per capita park area. A more complex urban form was associated with a higher density of the urban pipe network system, greater investment of public transport, and larger per capita park area. (2) The comprehensive environmental factor was positively correlated with LSI (r=0.43, P<0.01). A more complex urban spatial shape was associated with a greater investment in urban resources and environment-related facilities. (3) The significant difference between bus vehicles of 10000 people, taxis of 10000 people, density of water supply pipe, and comprehensive environmental factor at different levels of compactness and shape-complexity again showed that a more compact city showed greater development of traffic, a more complex city, and greater environmental investment. These results support the more compact urban form and higher economic resources. The compact urban spatial form can be applied to urban construction in China.





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