摘要:植物治沙是高寒沙地植被重建与生态恢复的重要措施，人工植被群落特征的研究揭示了植被对高寒沙地生态环境的适应性与改良性，有益于筛选高寒沙地治沙物种。2008-2017年，通过对青海湖湖东沙地人工治理沙丘上的11种人工植被（沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides）、乌柳（Salix cheilophila）、樟子松（Pinus sylvestris）、小叶杨（Populus simonii）、柠条（Caragana korshinskii）、沙蒿（Artemisia desertorum）、花棒（Hedysarum scoparium）、沙地柏（Sabina vulgaris）、柽柳（Tamarix chinensis）、青海云杉（Picea crassifolia）和金露梅（Potentilla fruticosa））进行植被调查和群落特征分析，结果显示：（1）除柽柳、金露梅之外，各人工物种均能保持80%以上的当年成活率和50%以上的保存率，总盖度以每年6.4%-8.8%的速度增加，乌柳、小叶杨、柠条和花棒林地群落的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数相对较高，而沙棘和樟子松的群落优势度较高；（2）前3-5年通常为各物种成活与生长的关键期，也是群落形成与多样性增加的快速期；（3）沙棘、乌柳、樟子松、花棒和小叶杨的群落防风固沙效益和土壤水分与养分的改良效益显著，为高寒沙地典型优良的固沙物种。



Abstract:Artificial introduced plants played an important role in alpine and sandy vegetation reconstruction and recovery. Research on these artificial plant communities has helped in the development of sand-fixing mechanisms and ecological improvements; especially in the optimization of adaptive vegetation species. From 2008 to 2017, we selected 11 artificially transplanted species in the east sand area of Qinghai Lake to study. Vegetation sample surveys were performed every summer, and plant growth and community forming features were calculated and analyzed with the following three main results:(1)The majority of species, with the exception of Tamarix chinensis and Potentilla fruticosa, showed high survival rates above 80 percent and conservation rates of over 50 percent through the entire study period. Some species, e.g., Hippophae rhamnoides, Salix cheilophila, Pinus sylvestris, Populus simonii, and Hedysarum scoparium, with their fast-growing heights and canopy diameters, exhibited strong adaptability to alpine-sand ecology. Also, the coverages of all plant communities increased significantly, at a rate of 6.4 percent to 8.8 percent a year, with obvious benefits to the recovery of the sand ecosystem. In species diversity, Caragana korshinskii, S. cheilophila, H. scoparium, and P. simonii all had a relatively high diversity indexes including the Simpson's index, the Shannon-Weiner index, the Margalef richness index and Pielou evenness index. H. rhamnoides and P. sylvestris had remained dominant and constructive in the plant community.(2)The first three to five years were key to plant survival and growth. This period also displayed rapid growth of the forming community and increasing plant diversity.(3)H. rhamnoides, S. cheilophila, P. sylvestris, H. scoparium, and P. simonii should be selected as pioneer species to control desertification and recover plant ecosystems because of their strong benefits in terms of wind-sand prevention and soil amelioration. Other species could be subsidiary plants during vegetation reconstruction and recovery in all alpine-sand areas.





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