摘要:为探讨西北干旱区森林土壤螨类群落和环境因子的相互关系，于2014年对新疆天山森林公园七种不同生境进行土壤螨类群落调查与环境因子测定，并采用除趋势对应分析法（DCA）和冗余分析法（RDA）对土壤螨类群落结构和多样性特征及其与环境因子之间的关系进行相关分析。结果表明，共捕获土壤螨类成体标本24399只，隶属4目56科108属（包括9个中国新记录属），其中小甲螨属Oribatella为优势类群。方差分析表明，在7种不同生境之间土壤螨类群落多样性指标均存在显著差异（P < 0.05），Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H）依次为针叶林 > 苗圃林 > 阔叶林 > 灌木林 > 针阔混交林 > 草甸草原 > 林中草地。RDA分析结果表明，第一主轴和第二主轴分别解释了土壤螨类主要群落总变量的34.8%和27.3%，所有环境因子共解释了土壤螨类群落物种组成变异的82.1%。蒙特卡罗置换检验显示，十种环境因子与全部排序轴（F=7.355，P=0.002）均存在极显著的相关性。研究表明，海拔、土壤含水量和有机质含量对螨类群落结构和多样性的影响显著。



Abstract:To explore the relationships between the diversity of forest soil mite communities and environmental factors in the arid area of northwest China, soil mite communities and environmental factors in 7 different habitats in Tianshan Forest Park of Xinjiang were measured in 2014. The relationships between the diversity of soil mite communities and 10 environmental variables were analyzed by a detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA). A total of 24399 adult specimens of soil mites were captured, belonging to 4 orders, 56 families, and 108 genera (including 9 new records in China), Oribatella was the dominant group. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were significant differences in the diversity indices of soil mite communities among the 7 habitats (P < 0.05). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) decreased as follows:coniferous forest > nursery garden > broad-leaved forest > shrubbery > conifer-broadleaf forest > meadow steppe > glade grass. RDA indicated that the first and the second axes explained 34.8% and 27.3% of variation in the main community variables of soil mites, respectively, and all the environmental factors explained 82.1% of the variation in the species composition of soil mite communities. A Monte Carlo displacement test showed that there was a significant correlation between the 10 environmental factors and all ordination axes (F=7.355, P=0.002). Altitude, soil water content, and organic matter content had significant effects on the structure and diversity of the mite community.





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