摘要:建立科学的遴选方法可以为我国国家公园体系建设提供决策依据。本文通过系统梳理典型国家的国家公园遴选方法，总结国际普遍采用的技术程序和手段，针对我国国情提出了渐进式评价法，采用"全局评价、类型比较"的研究思路开展国家公园建设潜在区域的选择。研究认为，国家公园是我国自然保护地管理体制改革、自然文化资源利用方式转型和优化国土空间利用保护的重要措施，肩负着自然生态保护、资源利用和区域发展的重要作用。国际上国家公园可以划分为地域广阔型、地域限制型和本土特征保护型，3种类型的区别在于分层划分、同级比较和程序复杂性。我国可参考地域广阔型国家的遴选方法，从自然生态系统类型（代表性和重要性）、原真性、生物多样性、自然景观、文化遗产等六大方面进行评价，区分国家公园建设的潜在区域和可建设区域。研究能够为国家公园的科学优选提供理论参考。



Abstract:It is of great necessary to establish a scientific selection criteria for constructing Chinese national park system. On a basic of a systematic summary of selection criteria of international national park, this paper firstly concluded general technical procedures and methods that were widely used worldwide. Then, a method named as "progressive evaluation" which was appropriate for Chinese conditions was proposed. Essentially, progressive evaluation that is carrying out "evaluation for all and comparison between types" could be great helpful for identifying potential and possible region to be national park candidate. the results of this paper were as follows:firstly, national park in China played important roles in promoting the reform of management systems of natural protected areas, the transformation of the utilization modes of natural cultural resources, and also, it played in balancing relationship among natural ecological protection, resource utilization, and regional development. Secondly, since international national parks could be divided into geographical vast territory type, restricted territory type, and local feature protection type according to their differences in stratification, peer comparison, and program complexity. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that national park in china should be similar to vast territory type from international cases, and the selection criteria of this type of national park in China could include six aspects of natural ecosystem types (representativeness and importance), ecosystem authenticity, biodiversity, natural landscape, and cultural heritage. By doing so, the potential and possible national park candidate in China could be scientifically identified, which would be references for future relevant study and scientific management practice.





PDF全文下载地址:

https://www.ecologica.cn/stxb/article/pdf/stxb201810012147