摘要:国家公园功能分区根据生态系统和文化资源的保护要求划定不同的区域，并通过对区域内活动开展的范围和强度进行管控，实现生态保护、游憩利用等目标。从功能约束条件出发，以钱江源国家公园体制试点区（简称"钱江源国家公园"）为例，采用德尔菲法和层次分析法，选取自然游憩资源、景观美景度、人文游憩资源、游憩利用能力、生态环境承载力、社会条件等6个因子构建了国家公园游憩利用适宜性评价体系。运用GIS空间分析工具对其进行单因子分级评价和综合评价，定量评估了钱江源国家公园游憩利用的适宜性，并将其适宜性从低到高依次划分为I-IV的4个等级。结果表明，钱江源国家公园游憩利用适宜性4个等级的面积呈"橄榄"型分布格局。在游憩利用适宜性分析结果及国家公园功能分区管理要求的基础上，本文进一步将钱江源国家公园游憩利用划分为6大游憩利用类型，并提出不同游憩利用类型的主导服务功能与管理措施。研究结果可为国家公园功能分区管理和游憩利用提供规划与管理指导。



Abstract:National park zoning is an integrated approach for classifying different areas according to their ecosystem and cultural resources protection requirements and controlling recreational use types and intensity. Qianjiangyuan National Park Pilot (hereinafter referred to as Qianjiangyuan National Park, QNP) was used as a case study to explore the recreation suitability assessment system under constraints of zoning. This paper proposed an evaluation index system that combined the use of Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods to determine the suitable recreation sites of QNP. Attributes selected to represent recreation suitability in the national park included natural recreation resources, scenic beauty, human recreation resources, recreation use aptitude, ecological environment carrying capacity, and social condition. All obtained data were evaluated and integrally overlapped in the Geographical Information Systems base. Thus, a recreation suitability map was created manually on a scale of I to IV, with I being "not suitable at all." Results suggested that recreation suitability levels in QNP tended to have an olive-like distribution. Based on the results of recreational use suitability assessment and management requirements of zonings in the national park, this study identified six types of recreational use and proposed dominant service functions and management measures for those recreation use areas. The results of this study will provide guidance regarding planning and management in national parks.





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