蔚青^1,2,3,
李巧玲²,
李冰茹^1,3,
陆安祥^1,3,
殷敬伟^1,3,
徐笠^1,3
1. 北京市农林科学院, 北京农业质量标准与检测技术研究中心, 北京 100097;
2. 中北大学理学院化学系, 太原 030051;
3. 农产品产地环境监测北京市重点实验室, 北京 100097

作者简介: 蔚青(1991-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为环境化学,E-mail:yqquyuqing@163.com.

基金项目: 国家重点研发项目(2018YFC1603004)


中图分类号: X171.5

Heavy Metal Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Typical Organic Facility Vegetable Bases in Beijing

Yu Qing^1,2,3,
Li Qiaoling²,
Li Bingru^1,3,
Lu Anxiang^1,3,
Yin Jingwei^1,3,
Xu Li^1,3
1. Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
2. Department of Chemistry, School of Science, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China;
3. Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100097, China

CLC number: X171.5

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摘要:为研究北京市典型有机设施蔬菜基地重金属污染状况，采用野外调查及室内分析法，选取北京市5个有机设施蔬菜基地中125个土壤样品和77个蔬菜样品进行了Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg含量的检测、统计分析与评价，对土壤重金属含量与土壤理化指标进行了相关分析，研究了重金属在蔬菜中的迁移规律，并结合美国环保署(US EPA)推荐采用的健康风险评价模型，评价由于蔬菜摄入导致的成人和儿童的健康风险。结果表明，5个设施蔬菜基地中有极少数土壤样本Cd含量超标，有极少数叶菜样本Cr含量超标，其他重金属含量均未超标。污染指数评价表明5个基地土壤重金属污染排序为：基地5>基地1>基地3>基地2>基地4，主要由土壤Cd累积所致。土壤重金属与理化性质相关性表明，5种重金属含量都受土壤的理化性质影响较大。总体上，5种重金属在土壤-蔬菜中迁移能力排序为：Cd>Hg>As>Cr>Pb，在不同类蔬菜中的富集系数排序为：叶菜类>茄果类>瓜果类>豆菜类。5种重金属造成的目标危害系数大小依次为：Cd>Pb>As>Hg>Cr，不同类蔬菜的综合重金属目标危害系数值排序为：叶菜类>茄果类>瓜果类>豆菜类，所有蔬菜单一重金属目标危害系数和复合危害系数都远小于1，说明单一重金属和复合重金属污染对成人和儿童都没有明显的负面健康影响。
关键词: 重金属/
土壤/
有机设施蔬菜/
健康风险/
污染评价

Abstract:To investigate the heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables from organic vegetable bases of Beijing, 125 soil and 77 vegetable samples were collected from five organic vegetable bases in Beijing to analyze the contents of heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg. Correlation analysis was conducted to test the association between heavy metal contents in soils and soil physicochemical properties, and the migration of heavy metals in vegetables was studied. The health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) was used to evaluate the health risks for adults and children due to vegetable intake. The results showed that there were few soil samples in the five facility vegetable bases with excessive Cd contents, few leaf samples with Cr contents exceeding the standard, and the contents of all other heavy metals did not exceed the standard. The pollution index evaluation indicated that the heavy metal pollution of the five bases decreased in the order of base 5 > base 1 > base 3 > base 2 > base 4, which was mainly caused by soil Cd accumulation. The significant correlation was found between contents of soil heavy metals and soil physicochemical characteristics, which indicated the great effect of soil characteristics on contents of the five heavy metals. In general, the migration ability of the five heavy metals from soils to vegetables decreased in the order of Cd > Hg > As > Cr > Pb, and the enrichment factors in different vegetables decreased in the order of leaf vegetables > solanaceous vegetables > melons and fruits vegetables > bean vegetables. The target hazard factors caused by the five heavy metals decreased in the order of Cd > Pb > As > Hg > Cr. The order of the hazard coefficient of the comprehensive heavy metals for different vegetables decreased as leaf vegetables > solanaceous vegetables > melons and fruits vegetables > bean vegetables. The target hazard coefficients and comprehensive hazard coefficients for all vegetables were much less than 1, indicating that single heavy metal and mixture of heavy metals had no significantly adverse health effects on adults and children.
Key words:heavy metals/
soil/
organic facility vegetables/
health risk/
pollution evaluation.