向慧敏1,2,3,4,
章家恩1,2,3,4,
梁开明5,
郅帅杰1,
赵敏1
1. 华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广州 510642;
2. 农业部华南热带农业环境重点实验室, 广州 510642;
3. 广东省现代生态农业与循环农业工程技术研究中心, 广州 510642;
4. 广东省生态循环农业重点实验室, 广州 510642;
5. 广东省农业科学院水稻研究所, 广州 510640
作者简介: 黑泽文(1994-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为农田生态学,E-mail:zewenhei@qq.com.
基金项目: 水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07203-003)中图分类号: X171.5
Tolerance and Accumulation Ability of Neptunia olerace to Cd and Pb Stress in Soil
Hei Zewen1,Xiang Huimin1,2,3,4,
Zhang Jiaen1,2,3,4,
Liang Kaiming5,
Zhi Shuaijie1,
Zhao Min1
1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China;
3. Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China;
4. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China;
5. The Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
CLC number: X171.5
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摘要:土壤重金属污染一直以来备受关注，作物能够吸收重金属从而对人体健康产生威胁，利用植物修复土壤重金属污染是当前环境科学和生态学领域的研究热点。本研究以一种水生豆科作物水合欢(Neptunia olerace)为研究对象，采用盆栽实验，研究水合欢对不同浓度Cd (0、50、100、180 mg·kg-1)、Pb (0、500、1 000、1 800 mg·kg-1)的耐受能力及吸收与富集情况。结果表明，(1)在Cd胁迫下，水合欢表现出一定的耐受性，生物量和植株长度与对照相比均显著降低(P<0.05)，可溶性蛋白、叶绿素以及根和茎中的MDA含量与对照均无显著差异，叶片中CAT活性显著提高(P<0.05)，但根中CAT、茎中SOD和叶片中POD活性及叶中MDA含量均先降低后升高；(2)在Pb胁迫下，水合欢表现出很强的耐受性，水合欢生物量、植株长度、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素和MDA含量与对照均无显著差异，但叶片中CAT活性显著提高(P<0.05)，根和茎中SOD、茎中CAT和叶片中POD活性均先降低后升高(P<0.05)；(3)Cd浓度为50、100、180 mg·kg-1时，水合欢的富集系数分别为0.28、0.32和0.29，转运系数分别为0.05、0.06和0.08；Pb浓度为500、1 000、1 800 mg·kg-1时，水合欢的富集系数分别为0.02、0.04和0.02，转运系数分别为0.04、0.08和0.05。水合欢对土壤中Cd、Pb的吸收均未达到超富集植物的标准，但本研究发现水合欢地下部重金属含量远高于地上部重金属含量，且水合欢为直根系植物，根系较浅，容易回收，基于此，可考虑将其与水稻等水生作物进行间套作，这种生产方式既可固氮，又可利用其根系来原位缓解土壤重金属污染对粮食等农产品生产所造成的安全风险。
关键词: Cd/
Pb/
水合欢/
重金属/
酶活性
Abstract:Soil heavy metal (HM) pollution has received wide concern because HMs could be enriched in crops to threaten human health. Phytoremediation is a popular and efficient approach for soil HMs remediation due to its advantage of wide adaptability. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted, with an aquatic legume plant Neptunia olerace as the experiment material, to study its tolerance and absorption to two HMs of Cd (0, 50, 100, 180 mg·kg-1) and Pb (0, 500, 1 000, 1 800 mg·kg-1) in soil. Results showed that: (1) Cd pollution significantly depressed the growth of Neptunia olerace. Although the total biomass and length of Neptunia olerace were significantly decreased (P<0.05), the Cd treatments did not significantly affect the content of soluble protein, chlorophyll, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) in root and stem. The activity of catalase (CAT) in the leaves was significantly improved, while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the stem, CAT in the root and peroxidase (POD) in the leaves, and the content of MDA in the leaves were first decreased and then increased. (2) Neptunia olerace is highly tolerant to Pb stress, because there were no significant differences in the biomass, plant length, soluble protein, chlorophyll and MDA content. However, the activity of CAT in leaves was significantly increased (P<0.05). Besides, the SOD activity in root and stem, CAT activity in stem and POD activity in leaves were all first decreased and then increased (P<0.05). (3) The bioconcentration factors of Neptunia olerace under different Cd concentrations (50, 100, 180 mg·kg-1) were 0.28, 0.32 and 0.29, respectively, while the translocation factors were 0.05, 0.06 and 0.08, respectively. The bioconcentration factors for Pb were 0.02, 0.04 and 0.02 at different Pb concentrations (500, 1 000, 1 800 mg·kg-1), and the translocation factors were 0.04, 0.08 and 0.05, respectively. These results suggest that Neptunia olerace is not a hyperaccumulator for Cd and Pb. However, we found that the Cd and Pb concentrations in the below-ground part of Neptunia olerace were greatly higher than those in the above-ground part. Considering that the root of Neptunia olerace is tap root system and shallow to easily harvest. Therefore, Neptunia olerace could be recommended to interplant with aquatic crops such as rice, since it would not only fix nitrogen, but also alleviate the risk of soil heavy metal pollution to produce safe rice and other agricultural products.
Key words:Cd/
Pb/
water mimosa/
antioxidant enzyme/
