俞淼^1,2,
汪冰²,
张丹²,
冯源²,
梁红丽²,
郑令娜²,
王萌²,
程路峰¹,
丰伟悦²
1. 新疆医科大学基础医学院, 乌鲁木齐 830018;
2. 中国科学院高能物理研究所纳米生物效应与安全性重点实验室, 北京 100049

作者简介: 俞淼(1989-),女,硕士,研究方向为环境毒理学,E-mail:yumiao@ihep.ac.cn.

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金联合基金重点支持项目(U1432245)；国家自然科学基金(11475195，91543118)


中图分类号: X171.5

Cytotoxicity Study of Secondary Ultrafine Particles Forming from SO₂ Reaction on CeO₂ Ultrafine Particles

Yu Miao^1,2,
Wang Bing²,
Zhang Dan²,
Feng Yuan²,
Liang Hongli²,
Zheng Lingna²,
Wang Meng²,
Cheng Lufeng¹,
Feng Weiyue²
1. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830018, China;
2. CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Beijing 100049, China

CLC number: X171.5

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摘要:大气二次细颗粒物(secondary fine particulate matters, SFPMs)是我国城市大气PM_2.5的主要组成部分。然而由于PM_2.5组成成份复杂，其毒性产生的来源并不明确。在本研究中，我们以二氧化铈(CeO₂)超细颗粒物(UFPs)为大气细矿物质颗粒模型，研究了SO₂气体在模拟大气环境中，如湿度(RH)、紫外光照(UV)和NO₂存在条件下，在CeO₂UFPs界面经多相反应生成的二次无机细颗粒物的性质及与细胞毒性的构效关系。实验通过实时高通量细胞分析系统，实时观察了CeO₂-SFPMs暴露对小鼠单核巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)增殖的影响；并进一步检测了CeO₂-SFPMs对细胞膜通透性和细胞凋亡的影响。结果表明，SO₂与CeO₂UFPs作用后可转化为硫酸盐，在有NO₂存在下转化更为明显。CeO₂-SFPMs对细胞毒性效应与其生成的环境条件相关，并具有时间效应性。RAW264.7细胞暴露于CeO₂-SFPMs 8 h，细胞增殖无明显变化；暴露8~25 h后，CeO₂-SFPMs对细胞增殖的抑制率随CeO₂ < @CeO₂+SO₂ < @CeO₂+SO₂+RH ≈ @CeO₂+SO₂+RH+UV < @CeO₂+SO₂+RH+NO₂的顺序显著升高。CeO₂-SFPMs对Raw264.7细胞膜通透性和细胞凋亡的影响研究也证明CeO₂-SFPMs@CeO₂+SO₂+RH+NO₂产生的细胞毒性最明显。
关键词: 二次无机细颗粒物/
超细二氧化铈/
界面多相反应/
小鼠单核巨噬细胞/
细胞毒性

Abstract:The secondary aerosol, including secondary organic aerosol and secondary inorganic aerosol, are found as the major components in PM_2.5 in megacities of China. To data, the toxic components in PM_2.5 that make a contribution to adverse health effects is still unclear due to the complex composition of the fine particulate matters. In the study, we used cerium dioxide (CeO₂) as aerosol mineral particle model to investigate its heterogeneous reaction with sulfur dioxide (SO₂) under various simulated atmospheric conditions, such as various humidity (RH), ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and nitric dioxide (NO₂) existence, which formed secondary fine particulate matter (SFPM), i.e., CeO₂-SFPMs. The preliminary characters of CeO₂-SFPMs were measured by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and further the structure-cytotoxicity of the CeO₂-SFPMs were investigated. The xCELLigence real time cell analysis system was used to monitor the proliferation of mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) after exposure to the CeO₂-SFPMs. In addition, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis of the cells were assayed after the exposure. The data showed that SO₂ could be oxidized to sulfate after interaction with CeO₂ ultrafine particles under the simulated atmospheric conditions. It is noteworthy that the NO₂ existence can enhance SO₂ transformation. The cytotoxicity of CeO₂-SFPMs is associated with their formation condition and has time-dependent manner. No significant changes of cell proliferation were found after exposure to CeO₂-SFPMs for 8 h. However, after the extended 8-25 h exposure, the significant inhibition of cell proliferation was observed, which following the orders: CeO₂ < @CeO₂+SO₂ < @CeO₂+SO₂+RH ≈ @CeO₂+SO₂+RH+UV < @CeO₂+SO₂+RH+NO₂. The toxic assay by LDH and apoptosis measurements also indicate that the CeO₂-SFPMs@SO₂+RH+NO₂ had the most significant cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 cells.
Key words:secondary inorganic fine particulate/
ultrafine CeO₂/
multi-phase interface reaction/
mouse macrophage cell/
cytotoxicity.